is one of the major threats against our fauna,

在巴西的非法野生動物交易

especially birds,

是動物界的主要威脅之一，

and mainly to supply the pet market

尤其是鳥類，

with thousands of animals taken from nature every month,

主要用來供應寵物市場。

and transported far from their origins,

每個月都有上千隻動物從大自然中被盜捕，

to be sold mainly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

然後被運到遠離原生地的地區，

It is estimated that

主要是販賣到里約熱內盧還有聖保羅。

all kinds of illegal wildlife trade in Brazil

據估計，

withdraw from nature

在巴西，每年將近有三千八百萬隻的野生動物

almost 38 million animals every year,

被盜捕

a business worth almost two billion dollars.

並非法販售，

The police intercepts

市價高達 20 億美金。

these huge cargos with live animals,

警方攔截下

intended to supply the pet market,

這些裝有野生動物的大貨櫃，

or they seize the animals directly from the people's houses,

牠們原本是要用來供應寵物市場的，

and this is how we end up, every month,

警方也會直接從這些人的家中帶回走私動物。

with thousands of seized animals.

這就是我們每個月都要面對的狀況，

And for us to understand what happens with them,

上千隻被收容的動物。

we're going to follow Brad.

為了讓我們更了解在這些動物身上發生的事，

In the eyes of many people,

我們將跟著布萊德看下去。

after the animals are seized,

在許多人眼裡，

they say, "Yay, justice has been served.

動物被收容後，

The good guys arrived,

他們會說「太好了！正義得以伸張！

took the cute, mistreated animals

英雄抵達，

from the hands of the evil traffickers,

將這些被虐待的可愛動物

and everyone lived happily ever after."

從邪惡的盜補者手中帶走，

But did they? Actually, no,

從此動物們就過著幸福快樂的生活。」

and this is where many of our problems begin.

但真是如此嗎？事實上並非如此。

Because we have to figure out

這反而是我們所面臨到的許多問題的開端，

what to do with all these animals.

因為我們必須找出

In Brazil, they are usually first sent

處置這些動物的方法。

to governmental triage facilities,

在巴西當地，

in which most of the cases,

動物通常會被送到政府設的醫療機構，

the conditions are as bad as

而在這裡，大部分動物所面臨的狀況

with the traffickers.

就跟在盜賣者手中的狀況

In 2002, these centers received

一樣糟糕。

45,000 animals,

這些機構在 2002 年接收了

of which 37,000 were birds.

四萬五千隻動物，

And the police estimates that we seize

其中有三萬七千隻是鳥類。

only five percent of what's being trafficked.

警方估計我們所救獲的數量

Some lucky ones -- and among them, Brad --

只是被盜賣的百分之五。

go to serious rehabilitation centers after that.

其中有些較幸運的動物，像是布萊德，

And in these places they are cared for.

獲救之後被送到了較好的療養機構。

They train their flying,

牠們在這些地方會被細心看護。

they learn how to recognize the food they will find in nature,

人們訓練牠們飛行，

and they are able to socialize

牠們也在這邊學會辨認能再大自然中取得的食物

with others from the same species.

牠們還能夠與其他同類

(Laughter)

進行社交行為。

But then what?

（笑聲）

The Brazil Ornithological Society --

但接下來呢?

so now we're talking only birds --

巴西的鳥類協會，

claims that we have too little knowledge

我們現在只有針對鳥類在討論，

about the species in nature.

聲稱我們對於這些在大自然的物種

Therefore, it would be too risky

瞭解太少。

to release these animals,

因此，若將這些鳥類野放，

both for the released and for the natural populations.

是相當冒險的，

They also claim that we spend too many resources

不論是對被野放的鳥或在大自然中的原有族群。

in their rehabilitation.

他們也聲稱我們耗費太多資源

Following this argument,

在這些鳥類的療養復健上。

they suggest that all the birds

基於這個論點，

seized from non-threatened species

他們建議將所有救回

should be euthanized.

但未瀕臨絕種的鳥類

However, this would mean having killed

安樂死。

26,267 birds,

然而，這意味著要殺掉

only in the state of São Paulo, only in 2006.

26,267 隻鳥，

But, some researchers, myself included --

這只是單單在 2006 年的聖保羅。

some NGOs and some people from the Brazilian government --

但有些研究者，包含我在內，

believe there is an alternative.

一些非政府組織，還有來自巴西政府的一些人，

We think that if and when the animals meet

都深信還有一個選擇。

certain criteria concerning their health,

我們認為，當這些動物符合

behavior, inferred origin

某些健康上，行為上的標準，

and whatever we know about the natural populations,

推斷出其來源地，

then technically responsible releases are possible,

以及我們對該物種野生族群所知的事物，

both for the well-being of the individual,

那麼就技術面上來說，負責任的野放是有可能的。

and for the conservation of the species and their ecosystems,

不僅是為了個體的生存，

because we will be returning genes for these populations --

也為了該物種和生態系統的保育。

which could be important for them

因為我們將歸還基因到野生族群中，

in facing environmental challenges --

這對牠們可能是相當重要的，

and also we could be returning

尤其當面臨到環境變遷時。

potential seed dispersers, predators, preys, etc.

我們可能也同時保留了

All of these were released by us.

潛在的種子傳播者，狩獵者或獵物等等。

On the top, the turtles are just enjoying freedom.

這些都是由我們所完成的。

(Laughter)

在上方，你可以看到烏龜正享受著自由。

On the middle,

在中間，

this guy nested a couple of weeks after the release.

這傢伙在野放後幾個星期就築了一個巢。

And on the bottom, my personal favorite,

下方則是我個人的最愛，

the little male over there,

在那邊的雄鳥，

four hours after his release

在野放後四個小時，

he was together with a wild female.

已跟另一隻雌鳥在一起。

So, this is not new, people have been

這不是新鮮事，

doing this around the world.

全世界的人都正做著這樣的事情，

But it's still a big issue in Brazil.

但在巴西，這仍極具爭議性。

We believe we have performed

我們相信我們已做到了

responsible releases.

負責任的野放。

We've registered released animals mating in nature

我們記錄到野放的鳥類在野外配對成功

and having chicks.

並養育幼鳥。

So, these genes are indeed going back to the populations.

所以，這些基因真的有回歸到原有的族群中。

However this is still a minority

然而這仍是極少數的案例，

for the very lack of knowledge.

因為我們在這方面的知識仍然不足。

So, I say, "Let's study more, let's shed light on this issue,

所以我說，讓我們更進一步地研究，讓我們一起多關注這個議題，

let's do whatever we can."

讓我們一起竭盡所能地努力。

I'm devoting my career to that.

我將我的事業貢獻在這方面。

And I'm here to urge each and every one of you

而我今天在這裡，要呼籲你們之中的每一個人

to do whatever is in your reach:

去做你能力所及的任何事，

Talk to your neighbor, teach your children,

告訴你的鄰居，教導你的小孩，

make sure your pet is from a legal breeder.

確認你的寵物是來自合法的飼育者。

We need to act, and act now,

我們需要行動，現在就馬上行動！

before these ones are the only ones left.

在這些物種消逝前！

Thank you very much.

謝謝！

(Applause)

（掌聲）