is always value for money.

可以遺留下來的東西

All the time we are trying to get value for money.

總是有價值的

What we don't look for

我們總是試著去獲取金錢的價值

is value for many,

而在我們創造金錢價值的時候

while we are generating value for money.

我們所沒有做到的

Do we care about those four billion people

是追求大眾的價值

whose income levels are less than two dollars a day,

我們是否曾關心

the so-called bottom of the pyramid?

那些每天收入不到2元美金的40億人口

What are the challenges in getting value for money

也就是所謂的金字塔底層的人們？

as well as value for many?

在我們獲取金錢的價值，也同時去爭取大眾價值的時候

We have described here

其中所產生的挑戰是什麼？

in terms of the performance

在此

and the price.

我們將以性能和價格的角度

If you have money, of course, you can get the value.

來闡述這個議題

You can get a Mercedes

如果你擁有金錢，理所當然你可以獲得價值

for a very high price,

你可以用很高的價錢

very high performance.

去買一部賓士車

But if you don't have money, what happens?

它有非常優異的性能

Well, you are to ride a bicycle,

但是如果你沒有錢的話,那會怎樣？

carrying your own weight and also some other weight,

那你就必須騎著腳踏車

so that you can earn the bread for the day.

承載你自己的重量，加上其他物品的重量

Well, poor do not remain poor;

這樣你才可以賺取日常所需的麵包

they become lower-middle-class.

儘管貧窮不會永遠保持貧窮

And if they do so,

他們可以變成中低階層

then, of course, the conditions improve,

如果真的可以這樣

and they start riding on scooters.

那生活的條件就得以改善

But the challenge is, again, they don't get much value,

然後他們就開始騎摩托車

because they can't afford anything more than the scooter.

然而同樣地，其中的挑戰是他們並沒有獲得太多的價值

The issue is, at that price,

因為他們無法負擔其他價錢超過摩托車的東西

can you give them some extra value?

問題是，在這個價格之下

A super value,

你是否可以給予他們額外的價值？

in terms of their ability to ride in a car,

那是一種超級的價值

to get that dignity, to get that safety,

讓他們可以藉由開車

looks practically impossible, isn't it.

而獲得尊嚴、獲得安全

Now, this is something

這看起來在實務上並不可行，不是嗎？

that we see on Indian streets

接下來

all the time.

這就是我們在印度的街頭上

But many people see the same thing

常常可以看到的景象

and think things differently,

但是許多人看到同樣的事情之後

and one of them is here, Ratan Tata.

然後產生有不同的想法

The great thing about our leaders

其中之一便是Ratan Tata

is that, should they not only have passion in their belly,

我們的領導人有一件為大的事蹟

which practically all of them have,

就是他們不只要有滿腹的熱情

they're also very innovative.

實際上他們都是這樣做

An innovator is one who does not know it cannot be done.

另一方面, 他們還非常有創造性

They believe that things can be done.

所謂創造者就是那些不知道事情無法完成的人

But great leaders like Ratan

他們相信事情可以完成

have compassion.

但是像Ratan這樣的偉大領導人

And what you said, Lakshmi, is absolutely true:

懷抱著熱情

it's not just Ratan Tata,

豐盛女神Lakshmi，您所說的話是百分之百正確的

it's the house of Tatas over time.

不只是 Ratan Tata

Let me confirm what she said.

還有整個Tatas之家

Yes, I went barefoot

讓我們來看一下她說過的話

until I was 12.

直到12歲以前

I struggled to [unclear] day

我都是光著赤腳

was a huge issue.

我每天都要和環境對抗

And when I finished my SSC, the eleventh standard,

對我來說那是一件很大的事情

I stood eleventh among 125,000 students.

後來當我完成SSC,第11等級的時候

But I was about to leave the school,

我在12萬5千名學生中排名第11

because my poor mother couldn't afford schooling.

但是我卻必須離開學校

And it was [unclear] Tata Trust, which gave me six rupees per month,

因為貧窮的母親無法負擔讓我繼續上學的費用

almost a dollar per month for six years.

後來是Tata 信託每個月提供給我6盧比

That's how I'm standing before you.

那幾乎是每個月1元美金，連續提供6年

So that is the House of Tata.

那也是我今天可以站在大家面前的原因

(Applause)

這就是Tata之家

Innovation, compassion and passion.

鼓掌

They combine all that.

創新,憐憫與熱情

And it was that compassion which bothered them,

他們將這些結合起來

because when he saw -- in fact, he told me about eight or nine years ago

然而憐憫, 卻也造成他們的困擾

how he was driving his own car --

因為當他看到-- 事實上, 他在大概在8,9年前跟我提起

he drives his own car by the way --

他那時開著自己的車

and he saw in the rain,

在路上開著車

a family like the one that I showed to you

然後他看到

getting drenched with an infant.

有一家子的人, 就像我剛剛給各位看的

And then he said, "Well, I must give them a car that they can afford,

在傾盆大雨中全身濕透, 其中還包括一個小嬰兒

one lakh car, $2,000 car."

他那時想, "嗯, 我一定要給他們一部他們負擔得起的車子"

Of course, as soon as you say something like this

一部價錢10萬盧筆的車子,換算後是2000美元

people say it is impossible,

想當然爾, 當你談到這種事情時

and that's what was said by Suzuki.

人們會立刻說, 這是不可能達成的

He said, oh, probably he is going to build a three-wheeler

Suzuki當時就這樣講的

with stepney.

他說, 喔, 他們大概是要

And you can see the cartoon here.

建造一輛三輪摩托車吧！

Well they didn't build that. They built a proper car. Nano.

我們來看看這部卡通

And mind you, I'm six feet half an inch,

他們並沒有建造一輛三輪摩托車！他們做了一台適合的汽車,名為Nano.

Ratan is taller than me,

提醒你們, 我的身高有6英尺半英吋

and we have ample space in the front

而Ratan則比我還高

and ample space in the back in this particular car.

當我們在這輛特別的車裡的時候

And incredible car.

我們的頭頂還有很充裕的空間,背後也有充裕的空間

And of course, nothing succeeds like success;

這是一部很棒的車

the cynics then turned around,

當然, 沒有什麼事情比成功更加成功

and one after the other

接著諷刺者出現了

they also started saying, "Yes, we also want to make a car in the Nano Segment.

一個接著一個

We'll manufacture a car in the Nano Segment."

他們開始說"是的,我們也要在Nano的市場區隔裡做一輛車

How did this great story unfold,

我們也要在Nano的市場區隔裡生產一輛車""

the making of Nano?

在這個這個偉大的故事裡

Let me tell you a bit about it.

他們是如何呈現Nano的製作過程？

For example, how we started:

讓我來稍微透露一點端倪

Ratan just began with a five-engineer team,

例如說,這一切是如開始的

young people in their mid-twenties.

起初Ratan跟一個5人工程師團隊

And he said,

大概25歲左右的年輕人

"Well, I won't define the vehicle for you,

他說

but I will define the cost for you.

我將不會給你們車子的定義

It is one lakh, 100,000 rupees,

但我會界定出成本

and you are to make it within that."

成本是10萬盧比

And he told them,

而你們必須在這個成本之內做出車子來

"Question the unquestionable.

他也告訴他們

Stretch the envelope."

去質疑原本不容質疑的事情

And at a point in time,

去延伸極限

he got so engrossed in the whole challenge,

在某個時間點上

that he himself became a member of the team.

他全神貫注地去面對所有的挑戰

Can you believe it?

以致於他自己也變成了團隊中的一員

I still am told about this story

你能相信嗎？

of that single wiper design in which he participated.

到現在他仍在告訴我有關

Until midnight, he'd be thinking.

他參與了其中一個刮水器設計的故事

Early morning he'll be coming back with sort of solutions.

他徹夜思考

But who was the team leader?

隔天一早他就會帶著答案回來

The team leader was Girish Wagh,

但誰是這個團隊的領導者呢？

a 34 year-old boy in [unclear].

團隊的領導者是Girish Wagh

And the Nano team average age

一個34歲的男生

was just 27 years.

而這個Nano團隊的平均年齡

And they did innovation in design and beyond.

是27歲

Broke many norms of the standard conventions for the first time.

由他們從事設計及其他的創新

For example, that a two-cylinder gas engine

這是有史以來第一次打破傳統的標準規範

was used in a car with a single balancer shaft.

例如, 裝置在平衡軸上的

Adhesives were replacing the rivets.

雙汽缸的汽油引擎

There was a co-creation, a huge co-creation,

用黏著劑代替鉚釘

with vendors and suppliers.

那是一個賣家和供應商之間

All ideas on board were welcome.

的一種共同創造, 一個龐大的共同創造

100 vendors were co-located adjacent to the plant,

歡迎所有被提出來的點子

and innovative business models for automobile dealerships were developed.

100個供應商在工廠裡共同努力

Imagine that a fellow

另一方面,也發展了創新的汽車經銷模式

who sells cloth, for example, will be selling Nano.

想像一下

I mean, it was incredible innovation.

有一個人原本在賣衣服，現在要轉行銷售Nano

Seeking solutions for non-auto sectors.

我的意思是, 這是一個很棒的創舉

It was an open innovation,

為非汽車產業的人尋找答案

ideas from all over were welcome.

這是一個開放性的創新

The mechanism of helicopters seats and windows was used, by the way,

歡迎所有的點子

as well as a dashboard

對了, 連直昇機的座位和窗戶設計也用上了

that was inspired by two-wheelers.

另外還有儀表板

The fuel lines and lamps

這個靈感是來自於兩輪車

were as in two-wheelers.

我們用的燃料管線及燈座

And the crux of the matter was, however,

與兩輪車使用的一樣

getting more from less.

然而,事情的關鍵是

All the time, you have been given an envelope.

從"較少"的基礎上去獲得更多東西

You can't cross that envelope,

一直以來, 我們一直處在既定的限制下

which is 100,000 rupees, 2,000 dollars.

我們無法跨越限制

And therefore, each component

那就是10萬盧比,也就是2000美元

had to have a dual functionality.

因此,每一個零件

And the seat riser, for example,

都必須有雙重的功能

serving as a mounting for the seat

以座位升降器來說

as well as a structural part

除了可以用來固定座椅

of the functional rigidity.

它本身也是

Half the number of parts

功能結構的一部份

are contained in Nano

相較於傳統的客車

in comparison to a typical passenger car.

Nano涵蓋了

The length is smaller by eight percent by the way.

半數的零件

But the current entry-level cars

但車子的長度卻少了8％

in comparison to that is eight percent less,

相較於市面上的入門款汽車

but 21 percent more inside space.

它的長度少8％

And what happened

卻多了21％的車內空間

was that -- more from less --

這就是所謂的

you can see how much more for how much less.

從"較少"的基礎上去獲得更多東西

When the Model T was launched --

你可以發現因為減少而可以增加多少東西

and this is, by the way, all the figures

當福特的Model T剛推出的時候

that are adjusted to 2007 dollar prices --

如果把數字

Model T was 19,700 by Ford.

調整成2007年的價格水準

Volkswagon was 11,333.

價格是1萬9千7百元

And British Motor was around 11,000.

福斯是1萬1千3百3十3元

And Nano was, bang, 2,000 dollars.

British Motor大概是1萬1千元

This is why

而Nano, 只有2千元

you started

這就是為什麼

actually a new paradigm shift,

我們開啟了

where the same people

一個新的典範移轉

who could not dream of sitting in a car,

在其中

who were carrying their entire family in a scooter,

原本不敢夢想可以坐在車子裡的人們

started dreaming of being in a car.

原本必須在摩托車上擠著全家人的人們

And those dreams are getting fulfilled.

開始可以想著坐在車子裡的景象

This is a photograph

這些夢想已經開始實現了

of a house and a driver and a car

在這張照片裡

near my own home.

是在我家附近的

The driver's name is Naran.

一間房子, 一位駕駛者和一輛車

He has bought his own Nano.

駕駛的名字是Naran

And you can see, there is a physical space

他買了屬於他自己的Nano

that has been created for him,

我們可以看到,

parking that car, along with the owner's car,

他擁有一個為他創造的實體空間

but more importantly, they've created

和擁有者的著車子一樣去把那輛車停好

a space in their mind that

但更重要的是

"Yes, my chauffeur is going to come in his own car and park it."

在他們心裡的一個空間

And that's why I call it a transformational innovation.

"我的司機將要進到車子裡然後去停車"

It is not just technological,

這就是為什麼我稱它為一種轉變性的創新

it is social innovation that we talk about.

這不只是技術上的

And that is where, ladies and gentlemen,

我們在講的是一種社會性的創新

this famous theme

女士先生們,

of getting more from less for more

這就是從"較少"的基礎上去獲得更多東西

becomes important.

這個著名的主題

I remember talking about this for the first time in Australia,

變得重要的原因

about one and a half years ago,

我記得當我在澳洲第一次談論這個主題的時候

when their academy honored me with a fellowship.

那大概是1年半以前

And unbelievably, in 40 years,

當他們給我學術研究金的榮耀時

I was the first Indian to be honored.

難以置信的是,40年以來

And the title of my talk

我是第一位接受這份榮耀的印度人

was therefore "Indian innovation

我演講的標題

from Gandhi to Gandhian engineering."

是"印度式的創新,

And I titled this more from less for more and more people

從甘地到甘地主義工程"

as Gandhian engineering.

我把這個標題"從較少的基礎上去獲得更多東西"

And Gandhian engineering, in my judgment,

定義為甘地主義工程

is the one which is going to take the world forward,

甘地主義工程, 在我的判斷裡

is going to make a difference,

是一種引領世界向前走

not just for a few, but for everyone.

然後去創造差異

Let me move from mobility in a car to individual mobility

不是為了少數人, 而是為了每一個人

for those unfortunates

讓我從車子的移動跳到那些

who have lost their legs.

失去雙腳而不幸的人

Here is an American citizen and his son

他們的個人移動問題

having an artificial foot.

這是一位美國人

What is its price? 20,000 dollars.

以及他那裝義肢的兒子

And of course, these feet are so designed

價錢是多少呢？ 2萬美金

that they can walk only on

這些義肢經過特殊的設計

such perfect pavement or roads.

他們只能行走在

Unfortunately, that's not the case in India.

非常平整的路面或道路上

You can see him walk barefoot

不幸的是, 印度的道路並非如此

on an awkward land, sometimes in a marshy land,

可以看到他赤腳

and so on and so forth.

走在荊棘的道路上, 有時候是在沼澤地

More importantly,

諸如此類

they not only walk far to work,

更重要的是

and not only do they cycle to work,

他們不只是走路去上班

but they cycle for work, as you can see here.

騎腳踏車也是一樣

And they climb up for their work.

就像我們可以看到的,他們騎腳踏車是為了工作

You have to design an artificial foot for such conditions.

他們為了工作而努力往上爬

A challenge, of course.

為了因應這種狀況,我們必須設計人工義肢

Four billion people, their incomes are less then two dollars a day.

當然,這是一項挑戰

And if you talk about a 20,000-dollar shoe,

有40億的人口, 他們的每日收入少於2元美金

you're talking about 10,000 days of income.

如果是每一個價值2萬美元的鞋子

You just don't have it.

那就是1萬天的工作收入

And therefore, you ought to look at alternatives.

根本無法負擔

And that is how Jaipur Foot was created in India.

因此我們必須思考其他的替代方案

It had a revolutionary prosthetic fitment and delivery system,

這也是印度Jaipur義肢的由來

a quick molding and modular components,

它具備了革命性的義肢裝置及傳達系統

enabling custom-made, on-the-spot limb fitments.

配件的模具可以快速製造,

You could feel it actually in an hour, by the way,

一種可以客製化, 立即裝置的肢體裝備

whereas the equivalent other feet

事實上,我們可以在一小時之內完成

took something like a day, as so on.

而其他同等級的義肢

Outer socket made by using heated high-density polyethylene pipes,

卻要花上一天以上的時間

rather than using heated sheets.

外部的底座是用加熱過的高密度聚乙烯管子所打造的

And unique high-ankle design and human-like looks,

而非使用一般加熱過的薄板

[unclear] and functions.

另外還有獨特的高腳踝設計, 以及和人體看起來一樣的外觀

And I like to show how it looks

以及其他功能

and how it works.

我想展示一下它的外觀

(Music)

以及它是如何使用的

See, he jumps. You can see what stress it must have.

音樂

(Text: ... any person with a below the knee limb could do this.

這個人跳了起來, 可以見得它足以承受壓力

... above the limb, yes, it would be difficult ...