How many times have you been told

我們是否時常聽到

that real, substantial change isn't possible

沒人關心政治？

because most people are too selfish,

是否時常有人告訴你

too stupid or too lazy

真正的改變是不可能的

to try to make a difference in their community?

因為大多數的人們要不是太自私

I propose to you today that apathy as we think we know it

太白癡，就是太懶惰

doesn't actually exist;

沒人想真正努力改變自己的社區

but rather, that people do care,

今天我想要告訴大家的你所熟悉的這些冷漠

but that we live in a world that actively discourages engagement

其實並不存在

by constantly putting obstacles and barriers in our way.

其實人們在乎

I'll give you some examples of what I mean.

但我們所在的這個世界

Let's start with city hall.

卻往往以許多阻礙

You ever see one of these before?

來阻擾我們參與社區事務

This is a newspaper ad.

讓我舉出一些例子來說明我的論點

It's a notice of a zoning application change for a new office building

從市政府開始

so the neighborhood knows what's happening.

你看過這個嗎？

As you can see, it's impossible to read.

這是個報紙廣告

You need to get halfway down

一個新商業大樓申請區域重劃

to even find out which address they're talking about,

於是登報告訴當地住戶

and then further down, in tiny 10-point font,

如你所見，這根本無法閱讀

to find out how to actually get involved.

你需要一路看到中間

Imagine if the private sector advertised in the same way --

才能找到這塊地的地址

if Nike wanted to sell a pair of shoes --

你得再往下找到這些更小的字

(Laughter)

才知道如何參與討論

And put an ad in the paper like that.

想像私人企業也用這套 －

(Applause)

如果耐吉想賣鞋

Now, that would never happen.

然後登這種報紙廣告

You'll never see an ad like that,

（掌聲）

because Nike actually wants you to buy their shoes,

這是不可能的

whereas the city of Toronto clearly doesn't want you involved

你不會看到這種廣告

with the planning process,

因為耐吉真心希望你買他們的鞋子

otherwise their ads would look something like this,

但多倫多市政府

with all the information laid out clearly.

很明顯地不要你參與重劃過程

As long as the city's putting out notices like this

要不然他們的廣告應該看起來像這樣

to try to get people engaged,

所有的資訊都一目了然

then of course people aren't going to be engaged.

要是市政府的公告總是這樣

But that's not apathy; that's intentional exclusion.

還期待市民加入討論

Public space.

那麼當然，不會得到任何結果

(Applause)

但這不是冷漠

The manner in which we mistreat our public spaces

而是刻意排除

is a huge obstacle towards any type of progressive political change,

公共空間

because we've essentially put a price tag on freedom of expression.

（掌聲）

Whoever has the most money gets the loudest voice,

我們對待公共空間的方式

dominating the visual and mental environment.

也是一個

The problem with this model is there are some amazing messages

阻礙政治進步和改變的障礙

that need to be said, that aren't profitable to say.

就像是我們為言論自由貼上價格標簽

So you're never going to see them on a billboard.

誰有錢，誰大聲

The media plays an important role

充斥著我們的視覺和心靈環境

in developing our relationship with political change,

這個模式的問題是

mainly by ignoring politics and focusing on celebrities and scandals,

那些需要被聽到的重要訊息

but even when they do talk about important political issues,

並不賺錢

they do it in a way that I feel discourages engagement.

於是你永遠無法在告示牌上看見它們

I'll give you an example.

媒體在我們處理公共事務和促進政治改變的心態上

The "Now" magazine from last week: progressive, downtown weekly in Toronto.

扮演著非常重要的角色

This is the cover story.

它們避開那些爭議性的話題

It's an article about a theater performance,

過分關心娛樂新聞和醜聞

and it starts with basic information about where it is,

就連它們好不容易提到重要的議題時

in case you actually want to go and see it after you've read the article --

都是用一種避免人參與的方式

where, the time, the website.

讓我舉出一個例子：這是上禮拜的“現在”雜誌

Same with this -- it's a movie review.

一本先進的，多倫多市中心的週刊

An art review.

這是封面故事

A book review -- where the reading is in case you want to go.

一個有關劇場表演的文章

A restaurant -- you might not want to just read about it,

一開始它就寫出上演的地方

maybe you want to go there.

因為你讀完這篇文章後，很有可能會想去看

So they tell you where it is, the prices, the address, the phone number, etc.

地點，時間，網頁

Then you get to their political articles.

這個電影評論也是

Here's a great article about an important election race that's happening.

還有藝術評論

It talks about the candidates, written very well,

書評 － 朗讀會在哪裡舉辦，如果你想去的話

but no information, no follow-up, no websites for the campaigns,

餐廳 － 因為你不只想讀

no information about when the debates are, where the campaign offices are.

你還會想去吃

Here's another good article,

於是它們會告訴你在哪裡，大概甚麼價位

about a new campaign opposing privatization of transit,

地址，電話等等

without any contact information for the campaign.

等到你開始讀政治評論

The message seems to be

這個文章為現在進行的選舉做了很好的報導

that the readers are most likely to want to eat, maybe read a book,

它談論我們的候選人 － 寫的很好

maybe see a movie, but not be engaged in their community.

但沒有後續資訊

You might think this is a small thing, but I think it's important,

沒有選舉網頁

because it sets a tone

也沒有選舉中心的地址，或辯論大會舉行的資料

and it reinforces the dangerous idea that politics is a spectator sport.

這裡有另一個好文章

Heroes: How do we view leadership?

談論反對大眾運輸私有化

Look at these 10 movies. What do they have in common?

卻也沒有附上活動的連絡方式

Anyone?

這本雜誌透露出來的訊息彷彿是

They all have heroes who were chosen.

讀者們最喜歡的是吃

Someone came up to them and said, "You're the chosen one.

偶爾看本書、看部電影，但絕不是改變社區

There's a prophecy. You have to save the world."

你可能覺得這都是小事

And then they go off and save the world because they've been told to,

但我之所以覺得它重要是因為

with a few people tagging along.

這一切都導向一個危險的訊息

This helps me understand

就是我們可以袖手旁觀

why a lot of people have trouble seeing themselves as leaders --

英雄們：我們如何看待領導力

because it sends all the wrong messages about what leadership is about.

看看這十部電影，它們的共通處是甚麼？

A heroic effort is a collective effort,

誰來告訴我們？

number one.

電影裡的英雄都是被選擇的

Number two, it's imperfect; it's not very glamorous,

某個人出現對他們說“就是你了

and doesn't suddenly start and suddenly end.

預言說，你必須拯救世界。”

It's an ongoing process your whole life.

於是這個人就上路去拯救世界，因為有人要他們這樣做

But most importantly, it's voluntary.

也沒幾個人跟隨他

It's voluntary.

這讓我理解

As long as we're teaching our kids

為甚麼人們很難把自己看成領導者

that heroism starts when someone scratches a mark on your forehead,

因為這些都灌輸人們有關領導力的錯誤訊息

or someone tells you you're part of a prophecy,

英雄事蹟是集體合作

they're missing the most important characteristic of leadership,

第一

which is that it comes from within.

第二，它並不完美，也不華麗

It's about following your own dreams, uninvited,

它不會突然開始又突然結束

and then working with others to make those dreams come true.

它是一個持續發生的過程

Political parties: oh, boy.

最重要的是，它是自願的

Political parties could and should be one of the basic entry points

自發性的

for people to get engaged in politics.

一旦我們教導我們的孩子

Instead, they've become, sadly,

英雄都是從有個人在他額頭做上標記開始

uninspiring and uncreative organizations

或是得有人過來告訴你：你是預言的一部分

that rely so heavily on market research and polling and focus groups

他們都遺漏了領導力最重要的一個特性

that they end up all saying the same thing,

就是它是從內而生的

pretty much regurgitating back to us what we already want to hear

它有關跟隨你的夢想

at the expense of putting forward bold and creative ideas.

無須他人邀請

And people can smell that, and it feeds cynicism.

然後與他人一起合作，實現美夢

(Applause)

政黨，老天

Charitable status.

政黨可以是，也應該是

Groups who have charitable status in Canada aren't allowed to do advocacy.

那些想參與政治活動的人

This is a huge problem and a huge obstacle to change,

的絕佳入口

because it means that some of the most passionate and informed voices

但是它們，很不幸地

are completely silenced, especially during election time.

卻變成這些沒創意又沒想法的組織

Which leads us to the last one, which is: our elections.

靠著市場調查

As you may have noticed,

投票和意見調查

our elections in Canada are a complete joke.

說出一樣的話

We use out-of-date systems

反芻那些我們想聽的話

that are unfair and create random results.

而不是提供有創意或勇敢的想法

Canada's currently led by a party

人們聽得出來，於是變得諷刺

that most Canadians didn't actually want.

（掌聲）

How can we honestly and genuinely encourage more people to vote

慈善組織：

when votes don't count in Canada?

加拿大擁有慈善身分的團體不能支持特定組織和人物

You add all this up together, and of course people are apathetic.

這是一個大問題，也是改變的一大阻力

It's like trying to run into a brick wall.

這意味著最熱情和理解狀況的聲音

Now, I'm not trying to be negative by throwing all these obstacles out

在選舉期間是完全靜默的

and explaining what's in our way.

於是我們來到最後一點

Quite the opposite --

我們的選舉

I actually think people are amazing and smart and that they do care,

大家都知道，加拿大的選舉根本是個笑話

but that, as I said, we live in this environment

我們用落後的系統

where all these obstacles are being put in our way.

製造出不公平和隨性的結果

As long as we believe that people, our own neighbors,

今日的加拿大是由

are selfish, stupid or lazy,

大部分的加拿大人不想要的政黨所帶領的

then there's no hope.

我們該如何誠懇地鼓勵人們去投票

But we can change all those things I mentioned.

當投票在加拿大根本不算數呢？

We can open up city hall.

你把以上原因全加在一起

We can reform our electoral systems.

你就知道為甚麼人們如此漠然

We can democratize our public spaces.

就像撞進一堵磚牆

My main message is:

列舉這些阻礙不是為了

if we can redefine apathy,

帶來負面影響，然後說，我們就是這樣

not as some kind of internal syndrome,

相反的，我覺得人們非常聰明

but as a complex web of cultural barriers that reinforces disengagement,

而且他們在乎

and if we can clearly define, clearly identify what those obstacles are,

但誠如我所說，冷漠是來自我們的環境

and then if we can work together collectively to dismantle those obstacles,

和這些立在我們之前的阻礙

then anything is possible.

一旦我們相信人們，我們的鄰舍

Thank you.

都是些自私、愚蠢、又懶惰的人

(Applause)

就毫無希望