that what I really wanted to talk about was my friend, Richard Feynman.

當我被要求做這演說

I was one of the fortunate few that really did get to know him

我立即想到要說的

and enjoyed his presence.

就是我的好友費因曼

And I'm going to tell you about the Richard Feynman that I knew.

我是少數幾個夠幸運

I'm sure there are people here who could tell you

能真正的認識他

about the Richard Feynman they knew,

以及享受他的相處

and it would probably be a different Richard Feynman.

我將告訴你們我所知道的費因曼

Richard Feynman was a very complex man.

我相信這裡也有其他人

He was a man of many, many parts.

能告訴你們他們認識的費因曼

He was, of course, foremost, a very, very, very great scientist.

也可能會不同於我說的

He was an actor. You saw him act.

費因曼是個非常複雜的人

I also had the good fortune to be in those lectures,

他是個非常非常多樣的人

up in the balcony.

當然節大部分 他是

They were fantastic.

非常非常偉大的科學家

He was a philosopher.

他是個演員 你們都看過他的演出

He was a drum player.

我也曾聽過幾次的課堂演說

He was a teacher par excellence.

就在那閣樓

Richard Feynman was also a showman,

這些演講都是精采萬分

an enormous showman.

他是一個哲學家

He was brash, irreverent.

他是個鼓手

He was full of macho, a kind of macho one-upmanship.

他是個傑出的教師

He loved intellectual battle.

費因曼是個愛出風頭的人

He had a gargantuan ego.

是個非常愛出風頭

But the man had, somehow,

他有時傲慢 玩世不恭

a lot of room at the bottom.

他是非常有男子氣概

And what I mean by that is a lot of room, in my case --

一種 one-upsmanship 的男子氣概

I can't speak for anybody else, but in my case --

他喜歡挑戰智力

a lot of room for another big ego.

他非常的自我

Well, not as big as his,

但是 他又是

but fairly big.

非常有肚量

I always felt good with Dick Feynman.

我的意思是

It was always fun to be with him.

肚量是... 這是以我為例

He always made me feel smart.

別人我就無法代言

How can somebody like that make you feel smart?

所以就我而言

Somehow he did.

肚量卻是為了再放一個自我

He made me feel smart. He made me feel he was smart.

不是非常大

He made me feel we were both smart,

但足夠

and the two of us could solve any problem whatever.

和費因曼相處 我是愉快的

And in fact, we did sometimes do physics together.

是非常的有趣

We never published a paper together,

他總是讓我覺得聰明

but we did have a lot of fun.

怎麼可能像他這樣的天才能夠讓你覺得自己聰明呢?

He loved to win,

不曉得為什麼 他就是

win these little macho games we would sometimes play.

他讓我覺得聰明 也讓我覺得他是聰明的

And he didn't only play them with me, but with all sorts of people.

它讓我覺得我們都是聰明的

He would almost always win.

好像我們兩個可以解決所有問題

But when he didn't win, when he lost,

事實上, 我們也真的有時一起討論物理

he would laugh and seem to have just as much fun

但我們從未一起發表論文

as if he had won.

我們還是有很多的趣事

I remember once he told me a story

他喜歡贏

about a joke the students played on him.

從我們常玩的一斜男人遊戲

I think it was for his birthday --

他不只與我玩 也與各式各樣的人玩

they took him for lunch

他幾乎總是贏

to a sandwich place in Pasadena.

當他輸時

It may still exist; I don't know.

他會笑 就像是贏一樣的

Celebrity sandwiches was their thing.

歡樂

You could get a Marilyn Monroe sandwich.

我記得有一次 他告訴我一個故事

You could get a Humphrey Bogart sandwich.

是學生們開在他身上的玩笑

The students went there in advance,

我想是在他的生日上 他們帶他

and arranged that they'd all order Feynman sandwiches.

去午餐

One after another, they came in and ordered Feynman sandwiches.

午餐是去

Feynman loved this story.

Pasadena 的三明治餐廳

He told me this story, and he was really happy and laughing.

或許還在那裡 我不清楚

When he finished the story, I said to him,

名人三明治 就是餐廳的特色

"Dick, I wonder what would be the difference

比方說 你可以點 瑪麗蓮‧夢露 三明治

between a Feynman sandwich and a Susskind sandwich."

或是 亨弗萊‧鮑嘉 三明治

And without skipping a beat at all,

學生先前去過

he said, "Well, they'd be about the same.

就商量安排 所有學生全部都點 費因曼三明治

The only difference is a Susskind sandwich would have a lot more ham."

學生一個接一個 進來都點 費因曼三明治

"Ham" as in bad actor.

費因曼很喜歡這個故事

(Laughter)

他是真的快樂與高興的敘說這個故事

Well, I happened to have been very quick that day,

當他說完這故事 我跟他說

and I said, "Yeah, but a lot less baloney."

"Dick, 我好奇費因曼三明治 和 我的三明治

(Laughter)

會有什麼不同"

(Applause)

連停都沒停

The truth of the matter

他就說 "嗯, 大致上會是差不多

is that a Feynman sandwich had a load of ham,

這唯一的差異是 你的三明治會有很多的火腿"

but absolutely no baloney.

火腿是差的角色

What Feynman hated worse than anything else

(笑聲)

was intellectual pretense --

我剛好那天反應很快

phoniness,

我說 "是的 但會少很多的 baloney (扯淡)"

false sophistication, jargon.

(笑聲)

I remember sometime during the mid-'80s,

實際上呢!

Dick and I and Sidney Coleman would meet a couple of times

費因曼三明治

up in San Francisco -- at some very rich guy's house --

有很多的火腿

up in San Francisco for dinner.

絕對沒有 baloney (扯淡)

And the last time the rich guy invited us,

費因曼最討厭的事就是

he also invited a couple of philosophers.

假聰明

These guys were philosophers of mind.

做作

Their specialty was the philosophy of consciousness.

世故 滿嘴名詞

And they were full of all kinds of jargon.

我記得80年代

I'm trying to remember the words --

或是80年代中

"monism," "dualism," categories all over the place.

Dick 與 我 以及 Sidney Coleman

I didn't know what those meant, neither did Dick or Sydney, for that matter.

三個人一起見過好幾次

And what did we talk about?

某個舊金山有錢人家

Well, what do you talk about when you talk about minds?

用晚餐

There's one obvious thing to talk about:

最後一次那有錢人的晚宴

Can a machine become a mind?

也邀請了一些哲學家

Can you build a machine

那些是腦學的哲學家

that thinks like a human being that is conscious?

他們專長在人類意識的哲學探討

We sat around and talked about this -- we of course never resolved it.

他們用了一大堆的名詞

But the trouble with the philosophers

讓我想想這些詞兒 --

is that they were philosophizing

"一元論" "二元論" 到處是分類名詞

when they should have been science-ophizing.

我不曉得這些意涵 Dick 也不知道

It's a scientific question, after all.

Sydney 也不清楚

And this was a very, very dangerous thing to do

那我們在講些什麼?

around Dick Feynman.

談到腦 你們會談些什麼?

(Laughter)

大概只有這件事 ---

Feynman let them have it -- both barrels, right between the eyes.

機器能像腦一樣嗎?

It was brutal; it was funny -- ooh, it was funny.

能夠建造一個機器

But it was really brutal.

能像人類一樣思考

He really popped their balloon.

就是一樣的有意識

But the amazing thing was -- Feynman had to leave a little early;

我們坐下討論 --- 當然是無法有結論的

he wasn't feeling too well, so he left a little bit early.

但是哲學家的問題是

And Sidney and I were left there with the two philosophers.

他們急想要把事情哲學化

And the amazing thing is these guys were flying.

而實際上應該先科學化

They were so happy.

那只是個科學問題

They had met the great man;

與費因曼共室時 這樣的自以為是

they had been instructed by the great man;

是非常的危險

they had an enormous amount of fun

費因曼當時就立即給他們難堪

having their faces shoved in the mud ...

相當嚴厲 也是有趣的 --- 是有趣的

And it was something special.

但也真的是殘酷

I realized there was something just extraordinary about Feynman,

他真的戳破他們的說法

even when he did what he did.

妙的事是 ---

Dick -- he was my friend; I did call him Dick --

費因曼 必需提前離開

Dick and I had a little bit of a rapport.

他有些不適 所以得先離開

I think it may have been a special rapport that he and I had.

Sidney 與我只好繼續留下

We liked each other; we liked the same kind of things.

妙的是 這兩位哲學家

I also like the intellectual macho games.

是快樂的

Sometimes I would win, mostly he would win,

他們遇到一位偉人

but we both enjoyed them.

他們讓這偉人親自指教

And Dick became convinced at some point

他們非常地享受

that he and I had some kind of similarity of personality.

即使是當眾顏面掃地

I don't think he was right.

但是個美妙的相遇

I think the only point of similarity between us

我才明白關於費因曼的不平凡

is we both like to talk about ourselves.

即使是像這樣的情況

But he was convinced of this.

Dick 是我的朋友 我都是這麼叫他 Dick

And the man was incredibly curious.

我們兩個是有些一致性

And he wanted to understand what it was and why it was

我想這共同性就是

that there was this funny connection.

我們互相喜歡對方; 也會喜歡相同的事

And one day, we were walking.

我也喜歡一些 男人的智力遊戲

We were in France, in Les Houches.

我有時贏 但大多數時間是他贏

We were up in the mountains, 1976.

但我們都享受這些遊戲

And Feynman said to me, "Leonardo ..."

Dick 有時也相信我們有著

The reason he called me "Leonardo" is because we were in Europe,

類似的個性

and he was practicing his French.

我不這麼認為

(Laughter)

我以為我們唯一的相似點是

And he said, "Leonardo,

我們都喜歡談論自己

were you closer to your mother or your father when you were a kid?"

他也這麼贊同我的說法

I said, "Well, my real hero was my father.

他很好奇

He was a working man,

他是個非常好奇的人

had a fifth-grade education.

他喜歡弄明白事情的本質與緣由

He was a master mechanic, and he taught me how to use tools.

是不是有有趣的關聯

He taught me all sorts of things about mechanical things.

有一天我們在法國散步

He even taught me the Pythagorean theorem.

那是在 La Zouche

He didn't call it the hypotenuse,

那是1976年 的山上

he called it the shortcut distance."

山林中 費因曼對我說

And Feynman's eyes just opened up.

他說 "Leonardo"

He went off like a lightbulb.

他叫我 "Leonardo"

And he said that he had had

是因為我們在歐洲

basically exactly the same relationship with his father.

他在練習法文

In fact, he had been convinced at one time

他說 "Leonardo

that to be a good physicist,

你是比較親近妳的母親還是你的父親

it was very important to have had that kind of relationship

當你還是個孩子時?"

with your father.

我說: "我心中真正的英雄是我父親

I apologize for the sexist conversation here,

他是個勞工

but this is the way it really happened.

只有小學五年級的教育

He said he had been absolutely convinced that this was necessary,

他是個機械專家 他教我如何使用工具

a necessary part of the growing up of a young physicist.

他教我所有關於機械的事

Being Dick, he, of course, wanted to check this.

他還教我畢氏定理

He wanted to go out and do an experiment.

他不是稱那為 直角的斜邊

(Laughter)

他說是 捷徑距離"

Well, he did.

費因曼的眼睛亮了起來

He went out and did an experiment.

就像個電燈泡

He asked all his friends that he thought were good physicists,

他說他也有

"Was it your mom or your pop that influenced you?"

與他的父親

They were all men,

像是這樣的關係

and to a man, every single one of them said,

事實上 他也曾認為

"My mother."

要成為一個好的物理學家

(Laughter)

是非常需要有

There went that theory, down the trash can of history.

與父親這樣的關係

(Laughter)

抱歉 這裡的性別論點

But he was very excited that he had finally met somebody

但這是曾經發生的

who had the same experience with his father

他說 他是完全的相信

as he had with his father.

一個年輕的物理學家成長 是需要這樣的關係

And for some time, he was convinced this was the reason we got along so well.

Dick 當然想驗證這點

I don't know. Maybe. Who knows?

他曾想做個實驗

But let me tell you a little bit about Feynman the physicist.

他也真的做

Feynman's style -- no, "style" is not the right word.

這個實驗

"Style" makes you think of the bow tie he might have worn,

他跑去問所有他以為是好物理學家的人

or the suit he was wearing.

"是你的母親或是父親影響你?"

It's something much deeper than that,

每個人 都是男性

but I can't think of another word for it.

每個人都這麼回答

Feynman's scientific style was always to look for the simplest,

"我的母親"

most elementary solution to a problem that was possible.

(笑聲)

If it wasn't possible, you had to use something fancier.

所以這假說只好扔進歷史的垃圾桶

No doubt, part of this was his great joy and pleasure

但他是十分興奮 總算找到個

in showing people that he could think more simply than they could.

有著類似父子關係

But he also deeply believed, he truly believed,

的人

that if you couldn't explain something simply,

有時候 他也認為

you didn't understand it.

這就是為什麼我們是合得來的

In the 1950s, people were trying to figure out

我不曉得 又或許是 誰知道?

how superfluid helium worked.

讓我再多告訴你們一些

There was a theory.

這位物理學家 費因曼

It was due to a Russian mathematical physicist.

費因曼的風格

It was a complicated theory;

不 風格用得不對

I'll tell you what it was soon enough.

風格會讓你想到的是 他繫的領帶

It was a terribly complicated theory,

或是他的西裝

full of very difficult integrals and formulas

有更深沉的東西

and mathematics and so forth.

但我卻想不出更好的說法

And it sort of worked, but it didn't work very well.

費因曼的科學風格

The only way it worked

就是總是找出最簡單的

is when the helium atoms were very, very far apart.

最簡單的解答 可能性才高

And unfortunately,

若不對 就得再找複雜的

the helium atoms in liquid helium are right on top of each other.

毫無疑問

Feynman decided, as a sort of amateur helium physicist,

他做學問的樂趣

that he would try to figure it out.

就是表現他能想出比別人更簡單的解答

He had an idea, a very clear idea.

他也深深相信

He would try to figure out

如果你無法將事物解釋的夠簡單

what the quantum wave function of this huge number of atoms looked like.

那表示你不明白它

He would try to visualize it,

在1950年代 大家試圖理解

guided by a small number of simple principles.

超流體氦 的原理

The small number of simple principles were very, very simple.

有一個理論

The first one was that when helium atoms touch each other,

由蘇俄物理數學家提出的

they repel.

但是個極複雜的理論

The implication of that is that the wave function has to go to zero,

很快的告訴大家

it has to vanish when the helium atoms touch each other.

那是個遭透了的複雜理論

The other fact is that in the ground state --

一大堆複雜的積分, 程式

the lowest energy state of a quantum system --

以及數學等等

the wave function is always very smooth;

它似乎能解釋 但並不完善

it has the minimum number of wiggles.

只有當

So he sat down --

兩個氦原子相隔很遠時

and I imagine he had nothing more

只有那時該理論是可用

than a simple piece of paper and a pencil --

不幸的是 氦在液態時

and he tried to write down, and did write down,

氦原子是緊緊相連

the simplest function that he could think of,

費因曼決定 以一業餘的氦物理學家

which had the boundary conditions

來解解看

that the wave function vanish when things touch

他有了個清楚的點子

and is smooth in between.

他試著發展