It's an idea for a new kind of school,

我今天要講的是一個概念

which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking

新型態的學校

about what schools are for and how they work.

這樣的學校扭轉了我們關於

And it might just be coming to a neighborhood near you soon.

學校的樣貌及學校如何運作的傳統想法

Where it comes from

它說不定即將在你的社區中出現

is an organization called the Young Foundation,

這個想法是從

which, over many decades,

一個叫做青年基金會的組織而來

has come up with many innovations in education, like the Open University

這個組織，在過去的數十年

and things like Extended Schools,

想出很多教育上的革新點子，例如開放式大學計畫

Schools for Social Entrepreneurs, Summer Universities

以及延長學校

and the School of Everything.

社會創業學校，夏季學院

And about five years ago, we asked

開放式學習／教學系統

what was the most important need for innovation

大約五年前，我們問了

in schooling here in the U.K.

對於英國教育來說

And we felt the most important priority

最迫切的革新是什麼

was to bring together two sets of problems.

我們發現

One was large numbers of bored teenagers

亟待解決的問題有兩者

who just didn't like school,

一，是廣大的慘綠少年

couldn't see any relationship between what they learned in school

他們對上學提不起勁

and future jobs.

且對於在學校裡頭所學之事物和未來工作之間

And employers who kept complaining

看不見關聯性

that the kids coming out of school weren't actually ready for real work,

二，是那些不斷抱怨畢業生

didn't have the right attitudes and experience.

尚未真正做好就業準備

And so we try to ask:

且不具備工作應有之態度和經驗的雇主們

What kind of school would have the teenagers fighting to get in,

於是我們捫心自問

not fighting to stay out?

什麼樣的學校能吸引青少年競相申請

And after hundreds of conversations

而不是費盡力氣避開？

with teenagers and teachers and parents

在數百場與青少年，教師們

and employers and schools

家長們，與雇主們

from Paraguay to Australia,

和學校單位的討論之後

and looking at some of the academic research,

從巴拉圭到澳洲

which showed the importance

參考許多討論到這些議題的學術文獻

of what's now called non-cognitive skills --

裡頭提到了非認知技能的重要

the skills of motivation, resilience --

所謂非認知技能

and that these are as important

是指動機，面對挫折的忍受力

as the cognitive skills -- formal academic skills --

和其他與認知技能

we came up with an answer, a very simple answer in a way,

例如學業表現，同等重要的能力

which we called the Studio School.

我們想到面對上述問題的解答，一個非常容易的答案

And we called it a studio school

我們稱之為學徒學校

to go back to the original idea of a studio in the Renaissance

它之所以被稱作學徒學校

where work and learning are integrated.

主要是借用文藝復興時期

You work by learning,

學習和工作融合的概念

and you learn by working.

透過工作而學習

And the design we came up with had the following characteristics.

而且為了學習而工作

First of all, we wanted small schools --

學徒學校有以下幾個特徵：

about 300, 400 pupils --

首先，我們需要的是小型的學校

14 to 19 year-olds,

大約三百到四百名學生即可

and critically, about 80 percent of the curriculum done

這些學生約莫在十四到十九歲之間

not through sitting in classrooms,

最重要的是，百分之八十的課程學習

but through real-life, practical projects,

並不是單單坐在教室裡頭

working on commission

而是透過現實生活，實習

to businesses, NGO's and others.

實際的銷售給

That every pupil would have a coach, as well as teachers,

企業，非政府組織與其他組織

who would have timetables

每個孩子都會有個督導者，也就是老師

much more like a work environment in a business.

他們手上有著時程表

And all of this will be done within the public system,

符合實際的工作環境

funded by public money,

並且，這個學校屬於公共的系統

but independently run.

資金來自於公基金

And all at no extra cost, no selection,

但獨立運作

and allowing the pupils the route into university,

並且不另外收費用，不甄選

even if many of them would want to become entrepreneurs

孩子們可以直接以此申請大學

and have manual jobs as well.

即使是那些想要成為

Underlying it was some very simple ideas

技職創業者的亦可申請

that large numbers of teenagers learn best by doing things,

在這個體系當中有幾個簡單的概念

they learn best in teams

極大多數的青少年的學習效率在實作

and they learn best by doing things for real --

與團體中最高

all the opposite of what mainstream schooling

於是，他們透過實習－－

actually does.

與主流教學方式大相逕庭的學習法－－

Now that was a nice idea,

的學習效果最好

so we moved into the rapid prototyping phase.

這是個很棒的點子

We tried it out,

所以我們進入了試辦階段

first in Luton --

我們嘗試

famous for its airport and not much else, I fear --

先在盧頓試辦－－

and in Blackpool -- famous for its beaches and leisure.

這個當地以機場而聞名的地方，恐怕也只是因為那裡有個機場－－

And what we found -- and we got quite a lot of things wrong

和在黑池試辦－－那裡因為海灘和悠閒而聞名

and then improved them --

我們發現，並且找出了我們原先計畫所不足之處

but we found that the young people loved it.

並補強修正

They found it much more motivational, much more exciting

但年輕人很喜歡這種方式

than traditional education.

他們認為此種方式更能鼓勵他們

And perhaps most important of all,

而且比傳統教育方法更令人興奮

two years later when the exam results came through,

最重要的是

the pupils who had been put on these field trials

在兩年之後的考試放榜

who were in the lowest performing groups

這些接受試教的孩子們

had jumped right to the top --

雖然一度在群組裡被分為低成就表現，

in fact, pretty much at the top decile of performance

他們在最後表現的最好。

in terms of GCSE's,

事實上，有許多原本表現很好的孩子們，

which is the British marking system.

在大學入學考試當中銷聲匿跡，

Now not surprisingly,

這就是大學考試的評分機制。

that influenced some people to think we were onto something.

現在，毫不令人驚訝的，

The minister of education

這個過程影響了許多人，認為我們能夠做一番事業，

down south in London

管轄倫敦南部的

described himself as a "big fan."

教育局長

And the business organizations thought we were onto something

就形容他自己是我們的大粉絲，

in terms of a way of preparing children much better

有些企業組織也認為我們能夠

for real-life work today.

幫助孩子們更好的準備其將來就業

And indeed, the head of the Chambers of Commerce

面對現今的工作挑戰

is now the chairman of the Studio Schools Trust

商業總會會長

and helping it, not just with big businesses,

現在是我們的學徒學校基金會的主席

but small businesses all over the country.

他幫助我們，不只是和大企業合作

We started with two schools.

也和國內的中小企業合作

That's grown this year to about 10.

我們已經設了兩所學校

And next year, we're expecting about 35 schools

並打算在今年拓展到十所

open across England,

明年我們期待能在整個英格蘭地區辦學

and another 40 areas

將數量提升到三十五所

want to have their own schools opening --

因為還有四十個地方

a pretty rapid spread

由於這個概念的迅速傳播

of this idea.

而也想要擁有同樣的學校

Interestingly,

而也想要擁有同樣的學校

it's happened almost entirely without media coverage.

有趣的是

It's happened almost entirely without big money behind it.

沒有媒體的報導，這個概念就自然而然的散播開來

It spread almost entirely through word of mouth, virally,

也沒有大量的金錢支持

across teachers, parents,

這個概念就像流感一樣在一個月以內散佈在

people involved in education.

老師，家長

And it spread because of the power of an idea --

和教育有關的人們之間

so the very, very simple idea

因為這個關於改變舊有教育方式的簡潔概念

about turning education on its head

力量是如此之大

and putting the things which were marginal,

所以它才會以這種方式傳播

things like working in teams, doing practical projects,

這個概念同時也將原本不受重視的事物

and putting them right at the heart of learning,

例如說團隊合作，實作

rather than on the edges.

不再邊緣化之

Now there's a whole set of new schools

而是放到了學習的核心

opening up this autumn.

現在將會有一整套的新學校們

This is one from Yorkshire

將在這個秋天開幕

where, in fact, my nephew, I hope, will be able to attend it.

有一所正位於約克郡

And this one is focused

而事實上，我姪子也即將在那裡入學

on creative and media industries.

這一所主要是將焦點放在

Other ones have a focus on health care,

創意和媒體產業

tourism, engineering

其他將會注重健康照護

and other fields.

觀光，工程

We think we're onto something.

和其他領域

It's not perfect yet,

我想我們能夠做一番事

but we think this is one idea

現在還未臻完美

which can transform the lives

但我們認為這就是那個

of thousands, possibly millions, of teenagers

能夠改變數千，或者數百萬

who are really bored by schooling.

對學校不感興趣的

It doesn't animate them.

青少年們的生活

They're not like all of you who can sit in rows

這不是把他們變成木偶一樣

and hear things said to you for hour after hour.

他們並不會呆坐在教室裡

They want to do things, they want to get their hands dirty,

聽著一個又一個小時的講課

they want education to be for real.

他們要的是付諸實行，把他們的手弄髒

And my hope is that some of you out there

他們要的是，真正的教育

may be able to help us.

我希望在座的各位

We feel we're on the beginning of a journey

或許能夠幫助我們

of experiment and improvement

我們就像正在一場旅程的開端

to turn the Studio School idea

這場旅途具有實驗性和進步的可能

into something which is present,

能夠將學徒學校這個想法實行得

not as a universal answer for every child,

更符合各地現實

but at least as an answer for some children in every part of the world.

這並非對每個孩子都能適用

And I hope that a few of you at least can help us make that happen.

但或許能夠用於某些孩子身上

Thank you very much.

我希望在座有些人，能夠幫助我們讓這件事情完成

(Applause)

非常謝謝各位