and he's from Uttar Pradesh, India.

這是Shivdutt Yadav，

Now Shivdutt was visiting the local land registry office

他來自印度的烏塔普拉德許州。

in Uttar Pradesh,

當Shivdutt去烏塔普拉德許州的

and he discovered

戶政事務所時，

that official records were listing him as dead.

他發現

His land was no longer registered

官方紀錄記載他已經死亡。

in his name.

而且他的土地已經

His brothers, Chandrabhan and Phoolchand,

沒有登記在他名下。

were also listed as dead.

他的兄弟，Chandrabhan和Phoolchand，

Family members had bribed officials

也被列為死亡。

to interrupt the hereditary transfer of land

家庭成員賄絡官員，

by having the brothers declared dead,

為了阻斷土地的祖傳轉移權，

allowing them to inherit

透過宣告父親兄弟的死亡，

their father's share of the ancestral farmland.

允許他們繼承

Because of this, all three brothers and their families

分配給他們父親的祖產。

had to vacate their home.

正因為如此，這三個兄弟和他們的家庭

According to the Yadav family,

必須從家中撤離。

the local court has been scheduling a case review

根據Yadav家人的說法，

since 2001,

自從2001年，當地法院已經安排要

but a judge has never appeared.

重審此案件，

There are several instances in Uttar Pradesh

但是法官都不曾出庭。

of people dying

在烏塔普拉德許州，

before their case is given a proper review.

很多人在去世前，

Shivdutt's father's death and a want for his property

他們的案子都沒被妥善審閱過。

led to this corruption.

Shivdutt父親的死亡和兄弟覬覦他的財產

He was laid to rest in the Ganges River,

導致這種腐敗。

where the dead are cremated along the banks of the river

他最後在恆河安息，

or tied to heavy stones and sunk in the water.

死者在河岸被火葬，

Photographing these brothers

或者被綁上重石沉到河水中。

was a disorienting exchange

拍攝這些兄弟的照片

because on paper they don't exist,

是種令人感到困惑的交流，

and a photograph is so often used as an evidence of life.

因為在紀錄上他們不存在，

Yet, these men remain dead.

但照片經常被用來當作生命的證據。

This quandary led to the title of the project,

然而，這些人還是被視為已死亡。

which considers in many ways

這種窘境引出了這個企畫案的名稱，

that we are all the living dead

從很多方面想，

and that we in some ways represent

我們都是活著的死人，

ghosts of the past and the future.

並且在某些層面，我們代表的是

So this story is the first of 18 chapters

過去和未來的鬼魂。

in my new body of work titled "A Living Man Declared Dead and Other Chapters."

這是我共十八章節的新作品

And for this work,

《被宣告死亡的活人和其它章節》中的第一章。

I traveled around the world over a four-year period

為了這部作品，

researching and recording bloodlines

我花了四年的時間旅居世界各地，

and their related stories.

研究和記錄血脉，

I was interested in ideas surrounding fate

還有它們的相關故事。

and whether our fate is determined

我所感興趣的議題包括命運

by blood, chance or circumstance.

以及我們的命運是否取決於

The subjects I documented

血統、運氣或情形。

ranged from feuding families in Brazil

我紀錄的主題

to victims of genocide in Bosnia

包含了從巴西的世仇家庭，

to the first woman to hijack an airplane

到波士尼亞大屠殺受難者，

and the living dead in India.

再到第一位劫機的女性

In each chapter, you can see the external forces

以及印度的活死人。

of governance, power and territory or religion

在每個章節，你可以看到來自統治力、

colliding with the internal forces

權力、領土或者宗教的外在強迫力，

of psychological and physical inheritance.

與心理和身理所繼承的內在力量

Each work that I make

相互衝突。

is comprised of three segments.

我的每個作品

On the left are one or more portrait panels

由三部分組成。

in which I systematically order

最左邊的展示嵌板有一幅或者多幅肖像，

the members of a given bloodline.

我將同一血統中的成員

This is followed by a text panel, it's designed in scroll form,

做有系統的排列。

in which I construct

中間是設計成卷軸般橫行排列的文字嵌板，

the narrative at stake.

用來展現

And then on the right is what I refer to as a footnote panel.

正處緊要關頭的故事。

It's a space that's more intuitive

右邊則是我作補充說明的嵌板。

in which I present fragments of the story,

我憑直覺創作，

beginnings of other stories, photographic evidence.

呈現故事的片段，

And it's meant to kind of reflect

其它故事的起源，照片證據。

how we engage with histories or stories on the Internet,

有點像是反映了

in a less linear form.

我們如何在網路上汲取歷史和故事時的狀態

So it's more disordered.

是較非線性的形式。

And this disorder is in direct contrast

較為雜亂的。

to the unalterable order of a bloodline.

而這種雜序和無法更改的血脉順序

In my past projects I've often worked in serial form,

直接形成對比。

documenting things that have

我過去的作品通常是用順序排列，

the appearance of being comprehensive

紀錄一些

through a determined title and a determined presentation,

透過明確的標題和清楚的展示

but in fact, are fairly abstract.

可讓人充分理解的事物。

In this project I wanted to work in the opposite direction

但事實上，這些是相當抽象的。

and find an absolute catalog,

我想反向製作這個作品，

something that I couldn't interrupt, curate or edit by choice.

找到絕對的編錄順序，

This led me to blood.

讓我無法選擇如何打斷，策劃或編輯。

A bloodline is determined and ordered.

於是我找到血脉。

But the project centers

血脉是已決定且有一定順序的。

on the collision of order and disorder --

但是這個策劃的焦點在於

the order of blood butting up against the disorder

有序和混亂的衝突 --

represented in the often chaotic and violent stories

血統的有條不紊和

that are the subjects of my chapters.

時常混亂且暴力的故事所展現的雜亂互相牴觸，

In chapter two, I photograph the descendants of Arthur Ruppin.

成了這些章節的主題。

He was sent in 1907 to Palestine

在第二章，我拍攝了Arthur Ruppin的子孫。

by the Zionist organization

他在1907年被錫安主義者(擁護猶太教復國)的組織

to look at areas for Jewish settlement

送往巴勒斯坦

and acquire land for Jewish settlement.

目的是找尋猶太人安身的地方

He oversaw land acquisition

且獲得土地。

on behalf of the Palestine Land Development Company

他代表巴勒斯坦土地發展公司

whose work led to the establishment

監管收購土地，

of a Jewish state.

而這公司的經營是為了建立一個

Through my research at the Zionist Archives in Jerusalem,

猶太人的國家。

I wanted to look at the early paperwork

當我在耶路撒冷的錫安主義中央檔案館做研究時，

of the establishment of the Jewish state.

我想要查看猶太人建國的

And I found these maps which you see here.

早期文史資料。

And these are studies

然後我找到這些你現在看到的地圖。

commissioned by the Zionist organization

這些所作研究

for alternative areas for Jewish settlement.

受擁護錫安主義組織委任，

In this, I was interested in the consequences

目的是找尋讓猶太人安頓的替代地區。

of geography

在這過程中，我對地理的結果

and imagining how the world would be different

很感興趣，

if Israel were in Uganda,

我想像如果以色列是在烏干達，

which is what these maps demonstrate.

就像是這些地圖所展示這般，

These archives in Jerusalem,

這個世界將會有多不一樣。

they maintain a card index file

在耶路撒冷的這些檔案中心，

of the earliest immigrants and applicants for immigration

他們用卡片索引編排檔案，

to Palestine, and later Israel,

記錄這些最早移民和移民申請者

from 1919 to 1965.

到巴勒斯坦，再到以色列的人們，

Chapter three:

從1919到1965年間。

Joseph Nyamwanda Jura Ondijo

第三章：

treated patients outside of Kisumu, Kenya

Joseph Nyamwanda Jura Ondijo

for AIDS, tuberculosis, infertility,

在肯亞的基蘇木市外郊行醫，

mental illness, evil spirits.

治療愛滋病，結核病，不孕症，

He's most often paid for his services

精神疾病，邪靈附身。

in cash, cows or goats.

通常病人付現金，給牛牲或羊隻，

But sometimes when his female patients

作為看診費用。

can't afford his services,

但有時候，當他的女性患者

their families give the women to Jura

無法負擔看診費用時，

in exchange for medical treatment.

她們的家人會將這位女性送給Jura

As a result of these transactions,

以交換取得醫學治療。

Jura has nine wives,

這些交易的結果是，

32 children

Jura有9位妻子，

and 63 grandchildren.

32位小孩

In his bloodline you see the children and grandchildren here.

還有63位孫子。

Two of his wives were brought to him

你可以在他的血脉中看到他的小孩和孫子。

suffering from infertility

他的兩位妻子當初是因為有不孕症

and he cured them,

被送給他治療，

three for evil spirits,

然後他治癒了她們，

one for an asthmatic condition and severe chest pain

三個是因為被邪靈附體，

and two wives Ondijo claims he took for love,

一個是因為氣喘和嚴重的胸痛，

paying their families a total of 16 cows.

還有兩個是Ondijo因為愛而娶來的，

One wife deserted him

付給她們的家人總共16頭牛。

and another passed away during treatment for evil spirits.

一個拋棄他

Polygamy is widely practiced in Kenya.

還有一個在驅趕邪靈的療程中過世。

It's common among a privileged class

一夫多妻制在肯亞很常見。

capable of paying numerous dowries

這在有特權的階級中很普遍，

and keeping multiple homes.

他們可給予豐厚嫁妝

Instances of prominent social and political figures

還有同時養活很多家庭。

in polygamous relationships

實施一夫多妻制的很多是

has led to the perception of polygamy

著名的社會或政治人物，

as a symbol of wealth, status and power.

導致一夫多妻制被視為

You may notice in several of the chapters that I photographed

財富，地位和權力的象徵。

there are empty portraits.

你可能注意到在很多我列出照片的章節裡，

These empty portraits represent individuals,

有些是沒有人的照片。

living individuals, who couldn't be present.

這些沒有人的照片代表的是不同的個體，

And the reasons for their absence are given in my text panel.

還在世但不能現身的人們。

They include dengue fever,

他們缺席的原因皆記載在文字嵌板上，

imprisonment, army service,

其中包含罹患登革熱、

women not allowed to be photographed

被監禁，服兵役，

for religious and cultural reasons.

因為宗教或者文化因素

And in this particular chapter,

而不允許被拍照的女人們。

it's children whose mothers

而在這特別的章節裡，

wouldn't allow them to travel to the photographic shoot

空白的照片是那些小孩們

for fear that their fathers would kidnap them during it.

因為他們的母親不允許孩子前往拍照地點，

Twenty-four European rabbits

怕孩子的父親會在中途綁架他們。

were brought to Australia in 1859

第六章： 在1859時，一位英國的拓荒者

by a British settler

帶了24隻歐洲的兔子

for sporting purposes, for hunting.

去澳洲，

And within a hundred years,

為的是運動用途和打獵。

that population of 24 had exploded to half a billion.

在一百年之內，

The European rabbit has no natural predators in Australia,

兔子的數量從24隻爆增到5億。

and it competes with native wildlife

在澳洲，歐洲來的兔子沒有天敵，

and damages native plants

兔子和當地野生動物競爭，

and degrades the land.

破壞當地的植物

Since the 1950s,

和降低土地品質。

Australia has been introducing lethal diseases

自從1950年起，

into the wild rabbit population

澳洲人開始將致命的疾病

to control growth.

傳入野生兔子族群中

These rabbits were bred at a government facility,

目的是控制其成長。

Biosecurity Queensland,

政府機關 昆士蘭州生物安全疫檢部門

where they bred three bloodlines of rabbits

培育這些兔子。

and have infected them with a lethal disease

他們養育了三種血統的兔子，

and are monitoring their progress

而且讓牠們感染致命的疾病，

to see if it will effectively kill them.

監控牠們的成長，

So they're testing its virulence.

以驗證此疾病可否有效地殺害牠們。

During the course of this trial, all of the rabbits died,

他們在測試它的毒性。

except for a few, which were euthanized.

在測試的過程中，全部的兔子都死了，

Haigh's Chocolate,

當中只有一些兔子被安樂死。

in collaboration

黑氏巧克力(澳洲當地知名巧克力品牌)

with the Foundation for Rabbit-Free Australia,

和澳洲的

stopped all production of the Easter Bunny in chocolate

擺脫兔子機構(Rabbit-Free Australia)合作，

and has replaced it with the Easter Bilby.

停止生產所有的復活節兔子巧克力，

Now this was done to counter

取而代之的是復活節袋狸。

the annual celebration of rabbits

這是為了對抗

and presumably make the public more comfortable

每年用兔子慶祝的模式，

with the killing of rabbits

還有預設性地讓大眾能平心接受

and promote an animal that's native to Australia,

殺害兔子這件事，

and actually an animal that is threatened

且宣傳澳洲的本地原生動物，

by the European rabbit.

事實上這動物因為歐洲兔子

In chapter seven, I focus on the effects

而遭受威脅。

of a genocidal act

在第七章，我著重於

on one bloodline.

集體屠殺行為對於

So over a two-day period,

一個血統的影響。

six individuals from this bloodline

在兩天內，

were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.

這血統中的六個人

This is the only work

在斯雷布雷尼察大屠殺中遭受殺害。

in which I visually represent the dead.

這是唯一一個作品中，

But I only represent those

我在視覺上呈現了過世的人。

that were killed in the Srebrenica massacre,

但我只呈現這些

which is recorded as the largest mass murder in Europe

在斯雷布雷尼察大屠殺中遭受殺害的人，

since the Second World War.

這被記載為自從第二次世界大戰以來，

And during this massacre,

歐洲規模最大的大型謀殺。

8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys

在這次大屠殺中，

were systematically executed.

8000個波士尼亞穆斯林男人和男孩

So when you look at a detail of this work,

被有系統化地處死。

you can see, the man on the upper-left

所以當你仔細看這個作品時，

is the father of the woman sitting next to him.

你會發現，左上角的男子

Her name is Zumra.

是坐在他旁邊的女子的父親。

She is followed by her four children,

這名女子叫做Zumra。

all of whom were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.

緊接在旁的是她四個小孩，

Following those four children is Zumra's younger sister

他們都在斯雷布雷尼察大屠殺中遇害。

who is then followed by her children

在四個孩子之後的是Zumra的妹妹，

who were killed as well.

接著在她之後的也是她在大屠殺中

During the time I was in Bosnia,

被殺害的孩子。

the mortal remains of Zumra's eldest son

當我在波士尼亞的時候，

were exhumed from a mass grave.

Zumra最年長的兒子的遺體

And I was therefore able to photograph

是從巨大墳墓中挖掘出來的。

the fully assembled remains.

因此我能夠拍攝到

However, the other individuals

完整的遺體。

are represented by these blue slides,

至於其它用

which show tooth and bone samples

藍色為底的呈現的照片，

that were matched to DNA evidence collected from family members

展現了在經過和家族成員

to prove they were the identities

DNA比對符合的牙齒和骨頭樣本，

of those individuals.

以證明這些樣本是

They've all been given a proper burial,

他們身份的識別物。

so what remains are these blue slides

這些人都被妥善地埋葬，

at the International Commission for Missing Persons.

所以剩下的都是這些在

These are personal effects

“尋找失蹤者國際委員會”中的以藍色為背景的照片。

dug up from a mass grave

這些都是在巨大墳場中

that are awaiting identification from family members

挖掘出來的個人財物

and graffiti at the Potochari battery factory,

等待家庭成員來辨識

which was where the Dutch U.N. soldiers were staying,

接著這是位於波托卡里的電池工廠的塗鴉，

and also the Serbian soldiers later

這曾是聯合國德軍的所在地，

during the times of the executions.

也是之後在處死期間，

This is video footage used at the Milosevic trial,

塞爾維亞人的所在地。

which from top to bottom

這是前南斯拉夫總統米洛索維奇受審判中所使用的影片，

shows a Serbian scorpion unit

從上到下

being blessed by an Orthodox priest

展示了一個塞爾維亞蠍子軍事組織

before rounding up the boys and men

在集合男孩和男人且殺害他們之前

and killing them.

接受一位東正教神父的

Chapter 15 is more of a performance piece.

賜福。

I solicited China's State Council Information Office in 2009

第15章比較像是一個表演作品。

to select a multi-generational bloodline

我在2009年時請求中國國務院新聞辦公室

to represent China for this project.

挑選一個多代同堂的血統

They chose a large family from Beijing for its size,

用來在此企畫案中代表中國。

and they declined to give me

他們依照人數選了來自北京的一個大家庭，

any further reasoning for their choice.

而且他們拒絕給我

This is one of the rare situations

他們為何如此挑選的理由。

where I have no empty portraits.

這章中很難得的情況是

Everyone showed up.

我沒有一張空白的肖像。

You can also see the evolution of the one-child-only policy

每個人都出現了。

as it travels through the bloodline.

你也可以透過這個血脉的足跡

Previously known as the Department of Foreign Propaganda,