(Video) Newscaster: There's a large path of destruction here in town.

新聞廣播員：（龍捲風）在這個鎮上沿路造成極大的損害

... pulling trees from the ground, shattering windows,

樹連根拔起，吹破窗戶玻璃

taking the roofs off of homes ...

屋頂也被掀起

Caitria O'Neill: That was me

Caitria O'Neill: 那個就是我在

in front of our house in Monson, Massachusetts last June.

去年六月時，站在我們麻州 Monson 的房子前面，

After an EF3 tornado ripped straight through our town

藤田級數三級的龍捲風直接穿過我們住的鎮上

and took parts of our roof off,

把一部分的屋頂掀開

I decided to stay in Massachusetts,

我決定留在麻州

instead of pursuing the master's program

放棄攻讀碩士

I had moved my boxes home that afternoon for.

那天下午，我把所有行李都搬回家

Morgan O'Neill: So, on June 1, we weren't disaster experts,

Morgan O'Neill: 因此，在6月1號時我們不是災難專家

but on June 3, we started faking it.

不過到了3號我們就

This experience changed our lives,

這段經歷改變了我們的生活

and now we're trying to change the experience.

而現在我們在試圖去改變經歷

CO: So, tornadoes don't happen in Massachusetts,

龍捲風通常不會在麻州出現

and I was cleverly standing in the front yard when one came over the hill.

我那時很聰明的站在前院

After a lamppost flew by, my family and I sprinted into the basement.

而龍捲風正朝著山丘走來

Trees were thrown against the house, the windows exploded.

在一個路燈飛過之後，我和我的家人衝到地下室裡

When we finally got out the back door,

樹木全被吹向我們的房子，玻璃都炸開了

transformers were burning in the street.

當我們終於可以後門出去時

MO: I was here in Boston.

路旁的變壓器都燒了起來

I'm a PhD student at MIT,

MO: 我當時在波士頓

and I happen to study atmospheric science.

在麻省理工學院 (MIT) 唸博士

Actually, it gets weirder --

正好是念大氣科學

I was in the museum of science at the time the tornado hit,

我的經歷更奇怪

playing with the tornado display --

龍捲風經過時，我正在科學博物館

(Laughter)

玩龍捲風模擬展示

so I missed her call.

所以我沒聽到她的來電

I get a call from Caitria, hear the news, and start tracking the radar online

等我接到了 Caitria 的電話，聽到新聞

to call the family back when another supercell was forming in their area.

就開始在網路上追蹤雷達回波

I drove home late that night with batteries and ice.

當我發現另外一個超級風暴胞正在附近形成時，便打電話告訴家人

We live across the street from a historic church

在當天深夜帶著電池和冰塊開車返家

that had lost its very iconic steeple in the storm.

我們住在一個有富有歷史的教堂對面

It had become a community gathering place overnight.

在這次風暴中，教堂失去了他們最具代表性的尖頂

The town hall and the police department had also suffered direct hits,

成為整個社區過夜的據點

and so people wanting to help or needing information went to the church.

市政廳和警察局也受到直接衝擊

CO: We walked to the church because we heard they had hot meals,

所以想提供協助或者需要資訊的人

but when we arrived, we found problems.

都去了教堂

There were a couple large, sweaty men with chainsaws

CO：我們聽說他們提供熱食，便往教堂走去

standing in the center of the church, but nobody knew where to send them

不過當我們抵達時便發現一些問題

because no one knew the extent of the damage yet.

有幾個強壯又滿身大汗的男人，手裏拿著電鋸

As we watched, they became frustrated and left

站在教堂的中間

to go find somebody to help on their own.

不過沒人知道該把他們送去哪

MO: So we started organizing. Why? It had to be done.

因為不知道損害的實際情形如何

We found Pastor Bob and offered to give the response some infrastructure.

當我們看著時，他們便覺得沮喪而離開了

And then, armed with just two laptops and one air card,

自己去找需要幫助的人

we built a recovery machine.

MO: 我們便開始組織

(Applause)

為什麼？總有人得出面吧。我們找到了 Bob 牧師

CO: That was a tornado, and everyone's heading to the church

然後提供了一些應變的基礎設施

to drop things off and volunteer.

隨後我們帶著兩個手提電腦和一張無線網卡

MO: Everyone's donating clothing.

建造了一個恢復機器

We should inventory the donations piling up here.

(鼓掌)

CO: And we need a hotline. Can you make a Google Voice number?

CO: 那是個龍捲風

MO: Sure. And we need to tell people what not to bring.

每個人都到教堂裡捐東西或當義工

I'll make a Facebook account. Can you print flyers?

MO: 每個人都在捐衣服

CO: Yeah, but we don't even know what houses are accepting help.

我們得把這些堆積如山的捐贈品列個清單

We need to canvas and send out volunteers.

CO: 沒錯，還需要一個熱線，你能不能弄個 Google Voice 的號碼來

MO: We need to tell people what not to bring.

MO: 沒問題，然後我們得告訴其他人哪些東西不用拿來

Hey, there's a news truck. I'll tell them.

我去弄個 Facebook 帳號，你可以把那些傳單都印出來嗎?

CO: You got my number off the news? We don't need more freezers!

CO: 嗯，可是我們連那些房子現在需要幫助都不知道

(Together) MO: Insurance won't cover it? CO: Juice boxes coming in an hour?

我們需要作些調查並且派出義工

Together: Someone get me Post-its!

MO: 得告訴其他人哪些東西不用拿來

(Laughter)

看，那裡有輛新聞轉播車，我去告訴他們

CO: And then the rest of the community figured out that we had answers.

CO: 你從新聞上看到我的號碼？

MO: I can donate three water heaters, but someone needs to come pick them up.

我們不需要冷凍箱了

CO: My car is in my living room!

MO: 保險沒保這個？你需要一群人重鋪你家屋頂？ CO: 六箱果汁一小時就到?

MO: My boyscout troop would like to rebuild 12 mailboxes.

一起: 來人給我把便利貼拿來!

CO: My puppy is missing and insurance doesn't cover chimneys.

(笑聲)

MO: My church group of 50 would like housing and meals for a week

CO: 然後其他的社區居民發現

while we repair properties.

我們已經找到辦法了

CO: You sent me to that place on Washington Street yesterday,

MO: 我可以捐三個熱水器

and now I'm covered in poison ivy.

不過得有人過來拿

(Laughter)

CO: 我車在我客廳呢

So this is what filled our days.

MO: 我的童子軍小隊想重建12個郵筒

We had to learn how to answer questions quickly

CO: 有些小狗不見了，而且保險沒保到煙囪

and to solve problems in a minute or less;

MO: 我的教堂小組裡有五十人，需要一週的住所的食物

otherwise, something more urgent would come up,

就在我們進行修復時

and it wouldn't get done.

CO: 你昨天把我送到 Waington 街上那個地方

MO: We didn't get our authority from the board of selectmen

現在我被有毒常春藤蓋住了

or the emergency management director or the United Way.

這些事情讓我們整天忙得團團轉

We just started answering questions and making decisions

得學會如何快速應對

because someone -- anyone -- had to.

然後再一分鐘內解決問題

And why not me? I'm a campaign organizer.

不然其他更緊急的事情會冒出來

I'm good at Facebook.

這些問題就無法解決

And there's two of me.

MO: 我們的權限，不是從市政管理委員會

(Laughter)

緊急管理總監，或是聯合勸募來的

CO: The point is, if there's a flood or a fire or a hurricane,

我們只不過是開始回答問題和做出決定

you, or somebody like you,

因為有人必須這麼做

are going to step up and start organizing things.

除了我還有誰呢？我是社運組織者

The other point is that it is hard.

我很熟悉 Facebook

MO: Lying on the ground after another 17-hour day,

而且還有兩個我

Caitria and I would empty our pockets

(笑聲)

and try to place dozens of scraps of paper into context --

CO: 我們想說的是，如果有洪水、大火、或者颶風

all bits of information that had to be remembered and matched

你，或者像你一樣的人

in order to help someone.

將會站出來然後開始組織一切

After another day and a shower at the shelter,

但這也是很困難的一件事

we realized it shouldn't be this hard.

MO: 在又工作17小時後，我們躺在地上

CO: In a country like ours where we breathe Wi-Fi,

Caitria 和我把口袋裡的東西都掏出來

leveraging technology for a faster recovery should be a no-brainer.

然後試著從一堆零碎的紙片拼出完整情境

Systems like the ones that we were creating on the fly

所有資訊都得記下並核對

could exist ahead of time.

這樣才能幫助其他人

And if some community member is in this organizing position

在另一天過後，我們在避難所洗澡

in every area after every disaster,

才意識到這應該沒那麼難

these tools should exist.

CO: 在一個

MO: So, we decided to build them:

無線網路像是空氣一樣的國家

a recovery in a box, something that could be deployed after every disaster

利用科技來增進快速復原應該很容易

by any local organizer.

像我們這樣匆促組成的系統

CO: I decided to stay in the country, give up the master's in Moscow

其實可以提早準備好

and to work full-time to make this happen.

如果任何社區居民

In the course of the past year,

在每次災難過後都在主導位置上

we've become experts in the field of community-powered disaster recovery.

應該要有這些工具

And there are three main problems that we've observed

MO: 所以我們決定把它們建造出來--

with the way things work currently.

一個重建的工具箱

MO: The tools.

一些在災難後可以讓當地主導者

Large aid organizations are exceptional at bringing massive resources to bear

可利用的工具

after a disaster,

CO: 我決定待在美國

but they often fulfill very specific missions, and then they leave.

放棄在莫斯科的碩士學位

This leaves local residents to deal with the thousands of spontaneous volunteers,

然後全職工作來實現這一目標

thousands of donations,

就在前一年的這個過程裡

and all with no training and no tools.

我們成為了社區式災難重建領域的專家

So they use Post-its or Excel or Facebook.

依我們從觀察，目前的情況

But none of these tools allow you to value high-priority information

主要有三個問題，

amidst all of the photos and well-wishes.

MO: 首先是工具。大型的救助組織都很擅長

CO: The timing.

在災難後補給大量的資源

Disaster relief is essentially a backwards political campaign.

不過通常他們完成特定任務以後

In a political campaign, you start with no interest

就會離開了

and no capacity to turn that into action.

留下當地居民去處理

You build both gradually,

眾多志工、大量的捐贈物資

until a moment of peak mobilization at the time of the election.

但當地居民未經訓練，也缺乏工具

In a disaster, however, you start with all of the interest

因此他們用即時貼、或者 Excel 或者 Facebook

and none of the capacity.

但沒有工具可以讓你區別出首要的資訊，並加以重視

And you've only got about seven days

在當中全是照片和一些祝福

to capture 50 percent of all of the Web searches that will ever be made

CO: 第二是時間的把握

to help your area.

災難救助其實是一個反過來的政治競選的過程

Then some sporting event happens,

在一場政治選舉中，

and you've got only the resources that you've collected thus far

你從零開始，在毫無利益和能力的境況中付諸行動

to meet the next five years of recovery needs.

你逐漸地開始發展

This is the slide for Katrina.

直到在選舉當中你這兩種能力帶到了最高點

This is the curve for Joplin.

在一個災難當中呢，你開始是有各種利益

And this is the curve for the Dallas tornadoes in April,

但是沒有能力

where we deployed software.

而你只有七天

There's a gap here.

去獲取百分之五十的網絡搜索

Affected households have to wait for the insurance adjuster to visit

以拯救你那片區域

before they can start accepting help on their properties.

然後一些體育事件發生了

And you've only got about four days of interest in Dallas.

你只有你目前收集到的資源

MO: Data.

去完成五年後所需的重建工作

Data is inherently unsexy,

這是一個 Katrina 的幻燈片

but it can jump-start an area's recovery.

這是 Joplin 的曲線

FEMA and the state will pay 85 percent of the cost

這個是在四月我們部署軟體時候

of a federally-declared disaster,

對於達拉斯颶風的一個曲線

leaving the town to pay the last 15 percent of the bill.

這有個缺口

Now that expense can be huge,

受災戶必須等著保險公司的理算員來之後

but if the town can mobilize X amount of volunteers for Y hours,

他們的房產才能獲得幫助

the dollar value of that labor used goes toward the town's contribution.

而且你在達拉斯只有4天的時間

But who knows that?

MO: 最後一個是數據

Now try to imagine the sinking feeling you get

數據本來是沒什麼意思的

when you've just sent out 2,000 volunteers and you can't prove it.

不過對於一個區域的恢復可是很有效率

CO: These are three problems with a common solution.

FEMA (譯者注:Federal Emergency Management Agency 美國聯邦緊急事件管理局) 和州

If we can get the right tools at the right time

會對一個聯邦認證的災難付款百分之 85 的損失

to the people who will inevitably step up

然後剩下 %15 就留給城鎮自己去支付

and start putting their communities back together,

開銷可以變得非常昂貴

we can create new standards in disaster recovery.

但如果這個城鎮可以召集 X 個志願者去服務 Y 個小時

MO: We needed canvasing tools, donations databasing,

這批勞動力帶來的美元價值

needs reporting, remote volunteer access,

直接就到城鎮的貢獻中去

all in an easy-to-use website.

不過誰知道呢?

CO: And we needed help.

現在，想像一下當你送出去 2000 志願者

Alvin, our software engineer and co-founder, has built these tools.

但你無法證明的感覺是什麼樣

Chris and Bill have volunteered their time to use operations and partnerships.

CO: 這三個問題都可以用一個方案來解決 (譯者總結: 工具、時間把握、數據)

And we've been flying into disaster areas since this past January,

如果我們能在正確的時間內得到對的工具

setting up software, training residents

送到那些可以站出來然後重建

and licensing the software to areas that are preparing for disasters.

社區的人們手中

MO: One of our first launches was after the Dallas tornadoes

我們就可以在災難恢復中創造新的標準

this past April.

MO: 我們需要監控工具，為捐贈品建立數據庫

We flew into a town that had a static, outdated website

需要回報和遠程聯繫志願者

and a frenetic Facebook feed, trying to structure the response,

所有都在一個簡單的網站當中

and we launched our platform.

CO: 我們還需要幫助

All of the interest came in the first four days,

我們的軟件工程師和投資人 Alvin 已經造好了這些工具

but by the time they lost the news cycle,

Chris 和 Bill 已經用他們志願的時間

that's when the needs came in,

去運作和尋找合作夥伴

yet they had this massive resource of what people were able to give

而我們一直在拜訪那些有災難的地區

and they've been able to meet the needs of their residents.

建立軟件，訓練當地居民

CO: So it's working, but it could be better.

然後給軟體授權給各個地區，從而他們可以為救災做準備

Emergency preparedness is a big deal in disaster recovery

MO: 其中第一個就是在這個四月 Dallas 的颶風之後

because it makes towns safer and more resilient.

我們到了一個有著過時網站和瘋狂 Facebook

Imagine if we could have these systems ready to go in a place

帳戶的城鎮

before a disaster.

於是我們建立了平臺

So that's what we're working on.

所有的利益在前 4 天就來了

We're working on getting the software to places so people expect it,

但是當他們丟掉了新聞圈的時候，

so people know how to use it

我們就有更多的需要

and so it can be filled ahead of time

但是他們有這一大批人們捐助的資源

with that micro-information that drives recovery.

因此他們可以滿足人們的需要

MO: It's not rocket science.

CO: 因此運作的很好，不過可以更好一點

These tools are obvious and people want them.

對於緊急的準備是在災難恢復中很重要的

In our hometown, we trained a half-dozen residents

因為它使得一個城鎮更安全和更有彈性

to run these Web tools on their own,

想像一下在災難之前我們可以把所有

because Caitria and I live here, in Boston.

這些系統都建立好

They took to it immediately, and now they are forces of nature.

因此這就我們在工作的東西

There are over three volunteer groups working almost every day,

我們想把這些軟體

and have been since June 1 of last year,

帶到人們那裡去，這些他們可以做出判斷，知道怎麼用

to make sure these residents get what they need and get back in their homes.

可以被提前安置好

They have hotlines and spreadsheets and data.

就是一點點資訊就可以使得重建工作得以運轉

CO: And that makes a difference.

MO: 這不是什麼晦澀的火箭科學

June 1 this year marked the one-year anniversary of the Monson tornado,

這些工具都是人們想要的

and our community's never been more connected or more empowered.

在我們家鄉，我們訓練了 6 個居民去

We've been able to see the same transformation in Texas and in Alabama.

讓他們自己去使用網路工具

Because it doesn't take Harvard or MIT

因為 Caitria 和我在波士頓住

to fly in and fix problems after a disaster;

他們都立即使用了這個

it takes a local.

現在他們是自發的團隊力量

No matter how good an aid organization is at what they do,

有三組志願者幾乎每天都工作

they eventually have to go home.

自從去年的六月一日

But if you give locals the tools,

他們保證這些居民得到他們所需要並且順利回到家中

if you show them what they can do to recover,

他們有電話熱線、記錄單、和數據

they become experts.

CO: 這才起到了決定性的效果

(Applause)

今年6月1日代表了 Monson 颶風的

MO: All right. Let's go.

一週年

(Applause)

而我們的社區從沒有這麼緊密連結、並且同時賦予力量過