When I was 11,

今天，我想談一談憤怒。

seeing some of my friends leaving the school

在我11歲時，

because their parents could not afford textbooks

看到我有些朋友，

made me angry.

因為父母付不起課本錢 而不得不輟學，

When I was 27,

讓我很憤怒。

hearing the plight of a desperate slave father

在我27歲的時候，

whose daughter was about to be sold to a brothel

聽到一個奴隸父親的絕望困境，

made me angry.

他的女兒就快被賣到妓院去了，

At the age of 50,

讓我很憤怒。

lying on the street, in a pool of blood,

在我50歲的時候，

along with my own son,

我的兒子與我，

made me angry.

一起倒臥在馬路上的血泊中，

Dear friends, for centuries we were taught anger is bad.

讓我憤怒。

Our parents, teachers, priests --

親愛的朋友，幾世紀以來， 我們都被教導：憤怒是不好的。

everyone taught us how to control and suppress our anger.

我們的父母、師長、神職人員 --

But I ask why?

每個人都教導我們， 該如何控制、壓抑憤怒。

Why can't we convert our anger for the larger good of society?

但我要問，為什麼？

Why can't we use our anger

為什麼我們不能將憤怒轉化為 推動社會進步的力量？

to challenge and change the evils of the world?

我們為何不運用我們的憤怒，

That I tried to do.

去挑戰、去改變世上的邪惡呢？

Friends,

我試著這麼做。

most of the brightest ideas came to my mind out of anger.

朋友們，

Like when I was 35 and sat in a locked-up, tiny prison.

我最絕妙的點子，大部分 都是因為憤怒而萌生。

The whole night, I was angry.

例如在我35歲時， 坐在狹小、深鎖的牢房裡，

But it has given birth to a new idea.

我整晚都很憤怒。

But I will come to that later on.

但憤怒，卻促成了新想法的誕生。

Let me begin with the story of how I got a name for myself.

這個我等一下再談。

I had been a big admirer of Mahatma Gandhi since my childhood.

讓我先說一段故事， 是關於我名字的由來。

Gandhi fought and lead India's freedom movement.

我從小就非常景仰聖雄甘地。

But more importantly,

甘地參與、且領導 印度的民族解放運動。

he taught us how to treat the most vulnerable sections,

但更重要的，

the most deprived people, with dignity and respect.

他教導我們如何對待 社會上最脆弱的族群，

And so, when India was celebrating

那些最弱勢、 最沒有身分和尊嚴的人。

Mahatma Gandhi's birth centenary in 1969 --

所以，在1969年， 印度正在慶祝

at that time I was 15 --

甘地的誕辰紀念日，

an idea came to my mind.

那年我15歲 --

Why can't we celebrate it differently?

我突然靈機一動，

I knew, as perhaps many of you might know,

我們何不換一種方式來慶祝呢？

that in India, a large number of people are born in the lowest segment of caste.

我知道， 你們很多人可能也知道，

And they are treated as untouchables.

在印度的種姓制度下， 有許多人生來就是最低等級。

These are the people --

他們被稱為「不可觸碰的賤民」。

forget about allowing them to go to the temples,

這些人 --

they cannot even go into the houses and shops of high-caste people.

別說是進寺廟了，

So I was very impressed with the leaders of my town

就連比較高階貴族的住家或商店， 他們都不能進去。

who were speaking very highly against the caste system and untouchability

所以我非常敬佩 我們鎮上的幾位領袖，

and talking of Gandhian ideals.

他們高聲反對 種姓和賤民制度，

So inspired by that, I thought, let us set an example

也宣揚甘地的理想。

by inviting these people to eat food cooked and served

我深受啟發，於是想， 我們來開個先河，

by the untouchable community.

由這些不可觸碰的賤民 準備菜餚，

I went to some low-caste, so-called untouchable, people,

作東宴請這些領袖們。

tried to convince them, but it was unthinkable for them.

我去找一些低種姓的"賤民"，

They told me, "No, no. It's not possible. It never happened."

試著說服他們， 但他們連想都不敢想。

I said, "Look at these leaders,

他們說，「不，不可能的， 從來沒發生過。」

they are so great, they are against untouchability.

我說，「你們看這些領袖，

They will come. If nobody comes, we can set an example."

他們這麼偉大， 竭力反對賤民制度，

These people thought that I was too naive.

他們會來的。就算他們沒來， 我們也可以做個表率。」

Finally, they were convinced.

他們覺得我太天真了。

My friends and I took our bicycles and invited political leaders.

但最後，他們還是相信了。

And I was so thrilled, rather, empowered

我朋友和我騎著腳踏車 去邀請那些政治領袖。

to see that each one of them agreed to come.

我好高興， 不，應該說，覺得自己充滿力量。

I thought, "Great idea. We can set an example.

因為每一位領袖 都答應要參加。

We can bring about change in the society."

我當時想，「太棒了， 我們可以一開先河，

The day has come.

我們可以對社會帶來改變。」

All these untouchables, three women and two men,

那天終於來了。

they agreed to come.

所有我邀的賤民階層， 三女二男，

I could recall that they had used the best of their clothes.

都同意參加。

They brought new utensils.

我還記得他們當時穿上了 最好的衣服。

They had taken baths hundreds of times

帶了新的餐具，

because it was unthinkable for them to do.

還洗澡洗了好幾百次，

It was the moment of change.

因為他們無法想像 這居然成真了。

They gathered. Food was cooked.

這是改變的時刻。

It was 7 o'clock.

他們聚在一起，食物也煮好了，

By 8 o'clock, we kept on waiting,

時間是七點。

because it's not very uncommon that the leaders become late,

到八點了，我們繼續等，

for an hour or so.

因為這些領袖遲到一個多小時，

So after 8 o'clock, we took our bicycles and went to these leaders' homes,

也不怎麼奇怪。

just to remind them.

所以八點過後，我們騎著腳踏車 到這些領袖的家，

One of the leader's wives told me,

只想提醒他們一下。

"Sorry, he is having some headache, perhaps he cannot come."

其中一位領袖的太太告訴我，

I went to another leader

「抱歉，他頭痛，可能不會到了。」

and his wife told me, "Okay, you go, he will definitely join."

我去找了另一位領袖，

So I thought that the dinner will take place,

他太太說， 「好，你先去，他一定會到的。」

though not at that large a scale.

所以我想，餐會仍會照常舉行，

I went back to the venue, which was a newly built Mahatma Gandhi Park.

只是規模沒有那麼大而已。

It was 10 o'clock.

我回到活動現場， 地點在一個新落成的甘地紀念公園。

None of the leaders showed up.

十點了。

That made me angry.

沒有任何一位領袖出現。

I was standing, leaning against Mahatma Gandhi's statue.

這真讓我憤怒了。

I was emotionally drained, rather exhausted.

我站在那裏，倚靠著 聖雄甘地的雕像。

Then I sat down where the food was lying.

我真的心力交瘁，疲憊不堪。

I kept my emotions on hold.

於是我在食物旁邊坐了下來，

But then, when I took the first bite,

我努力壓抑自己的情緒。

I broke down in tears.

但是，當我吃下第一口食物時，

And suddenly I felt a hand on my shoulder.

我的眼淚終於潰堤了。

And it was the healing, motherly touch of an untouchable woman.

突然，有人伸手搭我的肩。

And she told me, "Kailash, why are you crying?

原來是其中一位賤民女性， 有如慈母般的撫觸。

You have done your bit.

她告訴我， 「凱拉許，你為什麼在哭？

You have eaten the food cooked by untouchables,

你已經盡力了，

which has never happened in our memory."

你也吃了由賤民煮的食物，

She said, "You won today."

這在我們記憶中從沒發生過的。」

And my friends, she was right.

她說：「今天，你成功了。」

I came back home, a little after midnight,

我的朋友們，她說對了。

shocked to see that several high-caste elderly people

我那天在稍過午夜後回到家，

were sitting in my courtyard.

我驚訝的發現， 有幾個高階種姓的長者

I saw my mother and elderly women were crying

坐在我家庭院裡。

and they were pleading to these elderly people

我看到我母親和幾位女長輩 正在流眼淚，

because they had threatened to outcaste my whole family.

她們正在哀求那些耆老，

And you know, outcasting the family is the biggest social punishment

因為耆老們決定 要將我們全家逐出種姓，

one can think of.

你們也知道，整個家族被逐出種姓， 是人們心目中

Somehow they agreed to punish only me, and the punishment was purification.

最嚴厲的社會懲罰。

That means I had to go 600 miles away from my hometown

後來他們決議，只懲罰我一個人， 懲罰方式是淨化滌罪。

to the River Ganges to take a holy dip.

意思是，我必須離鄉六百哩，

And after that, I should organize a feast for priests, 101 priests,

到恆河去受神聖之水的洗滌。

wash their feet and drink that water.

在洗滌完後，我還要辦一個宴會， 邀請101位教士，

It was total nonsense,

為他們洗腳，並且喝下洗腳水。

and I refused to accept that punishment.

這根本就是荒謬至極！

How did they punish me?

因此我拒絕接受這種懲罰。

I was barred from entering into my own kitchen and my own dining room,

所以他們如何懲罰我呢？

my utensils were separated.

我被禁止再進入自己的廚房和飯廳，

But the night when I was angry, they wanted to outcaste me.

我的餐具都必須要分開。

But I decided to outcaste the entire caste system.

但雖然在我憤怒的那晚， 他們就決定要放逐我，

(Applause)

但我決定，是我， 要來揚棄這整套種姓制度。

And that was possible because the beginning would have been

(掌聲)

to change the family name, or surname,

這是可以做到的， 因為首先，

because in India, most of the family names are caste names.

我只需要改姓氏，

So I decided to drop my name.

因為在印度，大部分的家族姓氏 都是種姓階級名稱。

And then, later on, I gave a new name to myself: Satyarthi,

所以我決定改掉名字。

that means, "seeker of truth."

之後，我給自己一個新名字： 沙提雅提，

(Applause)

意思是：「真理的追求者。」

And that was the beginning of my transformative anger.

(掌聲)

Friends, maybe one of you can tell me,

這也開啟了我 轉化憤怒的旅程。

what was I doing before becoming a children's rights activist?

朋友們， 你們可能有人可以告訴我，

Does anybody know?

我在成為兒童維權人士前， 都在做些甚麼？

No.

有人知道嗎？

I was an engineer, an electrical engineer.

沒有。

And then I learned how the energy

我是一個工程師，電子工程師。

of burning fire, coal,

後來我學到，

the nuclear blast inside the chambers,

燃燒的火焰、或煤炭的能量，

raging river currents,

或反應爐中的核爆、 洶湧的波濤、狂嘯的強風

fierce winds,

都可以被轉化為 點亮萬眾生命的燈火。

could be converted into the light and lives of millions.

我也學到， 世上最難以控制的能量，

I also learned how the most uncontrollable form of energy

是可以被永久駕馭， 且造福社會的。

could be harnessed for good and making society better.

所以，我要回到 我坐牢的那段故事。

So I'll come back to the story of when I was caught in the prison:

我很高興我解放了 數十個被奴役的小孩，

I was very happy freeing a dozen children from slavery,

讓他們可以回到父母身邊。

handing them over to their parents.

解放一個小孩， 那種快樂簡直無法言喻。

I cannot explain my joy when I free a child.

我真的好快樂。

I was so happy.

但當我準備回到我德里的家鄉， 在月台上等火車時，

But when I was waiting for my train to come back to my hometown, Delhi,

我看到好幾十個小孩到車站，

I saw that dozens of children were arriving;

他們被人口販子押著，準備要被賣掉。

they were being trafficked by someone.

我攔下這群人，

I stopped them, those people.

並且叫警察來。

I complained to the police.

結果警察不但沒有幫我，

So the policemen, instead of helping me,

反而像對待動物一般， 把我丟進狹小的牢房裡。

they threw me in this small, tiny shell, like an animal.

這是一個憤怒的夜晚，

And that was the night of anger

但那一夜，最燦爛的點子 誕生了。

when one of the brightest and biggest ideas was born.

我發現，就算我能再解救10位孩子， 也還會再有另50位被奴役，

I thought that if I keep on freeing 10 children, and 50 more will join,

這樣解決不了問題。

that's not done.

而我相信消費者的力量。

And I believed in the power of consumers,

我告訴你們， 這是首次，

and let me tell you that this was the first time

世界上有人，也就是我， 發起運動，

when a campaign was launched by me or anywhere in the world,

來教育、提高消費者的敏感度，

to educate and sensitize the consumers

創造了「無童工地毯」這種新的需求。

to create a demand for child-labor-free rugs.

在歐美，我們都做得很成功，

In Europe and America, we have been successful.

這也造成 南亞童工數量，

And it has resulted in a fall in child labor

下降了百分之80。

in South Asian countries by 80 percent.

(掌聲)

(Applause)

不只這樣，這個史無前例的 消費者運動，

Not only that, but this first-ever consumer's power, or consumer's campaign

還拓展到了其他國家、 以及其他產業，

has grown in other countries and other industries,

或許是巧克力業、成衣業、鞋業， 很多其他產業受影響。

maybe chocolate, maybe apparel, maybe shoes -- it has gone beyond.

我11歲時，

My anger at the age of 11,

當我了解到， 教育對每一位孩童來說有多重要，

when I realized how important education is for every child,

我的憤怒讓我靈機一動，募集二手課本， 來幫助窮苦的小孩。

I got an idea to collect used books and help the poorest children.

我在11歲時就建立了圖書銀行。

I created a book bank at the age of 11.

但我並沒有就此停下腳步。

But I did not stop.

我後來，還與其他人共同創立了

Later on, I cofounded

全球最大規模 推動教育的公民組織運動。

the world's single largest civil society campaign for education

名為「全球教育運動」。

that is the Global Campaign for Education.

這項運動幫助世界 重新定義教育，

That has helped in changing the whole thinking towards education

從公益慈善的角度， 轉化成基本人權的角度。

from the charity mode to the human rights mode,

而這個運動 具體影響了輟學兒童的數量，

and that has concretely helped the reduction of out-of-school children

在近15年間，就減少了一半。

by half in the last 15 years.

(掌聲)

(Applause)

我27歲時，

My anger at the age of 27,

為了要搶救快被賣到妓院的少女，

to free that girl who was about to be sold to a brothel,

我的憤怒讓我有了新點子，

has given me an idea

去嘗試全新的策略：掠奪式營救，

to go for a new strategy of raid and rescue,

來拯救孩童脫離奴役。

freeing children from slavery.

我很幸運，也很驕傲的告訴大家， 我們不只救了十幾二十人，

And I am so lucky and proud to say that it is not one or 10 or 20,

我的同事和我，已經合作拯救了 8萬3千名孩子，

but my colleagues and I have been able to physically liberate 83,000 child slaves

讓他們可以回到家人、母親身邊。

and hand them over back to their families and mothers.

(掌聲)

(Applause)

我知道我們需要全球性的策略。

I knew that we needed global policies.

我們在世界各地發起遊行， 反對童工制度，

We organized the worldwide marches against child labor

這也讓各國建立了新的國際慣例，

and that has also resulted in a new international convention

去保護他們國內最弱勢的孩童。

to protect the children who are in the worst forms.

最顯著的成效， 就是全球童工的數量，

And the concrete result was that the number of child laborers globally

在近15年內， 已減少了三分之一。

has gone down by one third in the last 15 years.

(掌聲)

(Applause)

以上的每個例子，

So, in each case,

都是由憤怒開始，

it began from anger,

然後轉化成一個想法、

turned into an idea,

再變成行動。

and action.

所以，憤怒，再來是甚麼？

So anger, what next?

想法。再來呢？

Idea, and --

觀眾：行動。

Audience: Action

凱拉許：憤怒、想法、行動。 我試著付諸實踐。

Kailash Satyarthi: Anger, idea, action. Which I tried to do.

憤怒是原動力，憤怒是一種能量，

Anger is a power, anger is an energy,

而大自然的法則就是：

and the law of nature is that energy

能量不會憑空產生，也不會無端消逝， 它無法被消滅。

can never be created and never be vanished, can never be destroyed.

因此，我們何不將憤怒的能量 轉化、駕馭它、

So why can't the energy of anger be translated and harnessed

並用它來創造一個更好、更美、 更正義、更公平的社會？

to create a better and beautiful world, a more just and equitable world?

我們每個人心裡都有憤怒。

Anger is within each one of you,

我跟你們分享一個秘密：

and I will share a secret for a few seconds:

如果我們都只把自己侷限在 自我意識的窠臼中，

that if we are confined in the narrow shells of egos,

陷入自私的循環，

and the circles of selfishness,

那憤怒就會轉變為 仇恨、暴力、報復和破壞。

then the anger will turn out to be hatred, violence, revenge, destruction.

但如果我們可以打破這循環，

But if we are able to break the circles,

同樣的憤怒可能 可以轉化為更偉大的力量。

then the same anger could turn into a great power.

我們可以用與生俱來的同理心 來打破這循環，

We can break the circles by using our inherent compassion

用這同理心來和世界連結， 讓世界更好。

and connect with the world through compassion to make this world better.

一樣的憤怒，可以被轉化為同理心。

That same anger could be transformed into it.

所以，親愛的朋友、姊妹、兄弟們， 我要再以諾貝爾和平獎得主的身分告訴你們，

So dear friends, sisters and brothers, again, as a Nobel Laureate,

我鼓勵你們憤怒！

I am urging you to become angry.

我鼓勵你們心中燃起怒火。

I am urging you to become angry.

而我們之中最憤怒的人，

And the angriest among us

將會是可以將憤怒 轉化為想法和行動的人。

is the one who can transform his anger into idea and action.

感謝各位。

Thank you so much.

(掌聲)

(Applause)

克里斯‧安德森：多年來， 你啟發過許多人。

Chris Anderson: For many years, you've been an inspiration to others.

而是誰啟發了你？為什麼？

Who or what inspires you and why?

凱拉許：好問題。

KS: Good question.

克里斯，讓我告訴你， 這是實話，

Chris, let me tell you, and that is the truth,

我每次解救一個小孩，

each time when I free a child,

這小孩本來完全放棄希望， 他不指望有朝一日可以回到母親身邊，

the child who has lost all his hope that he will ever come back to his mother,

而那初獲自由的笑容令人難忘。