but a little bit of a peculiar one.

我是個藝術家，

I don't paint.

比較特別的那種，

I can't draw.

我不畫畫，

My shop teacher in high school wrote that I was a menace

我不會畫畫。

on my report card.

工藝老師在我成績單上

You probably don't really want to see my photographs.

寫說我是一個搗蛋鬼。

But there is one thing I know how to do:

我的攝影作品也不太能見人。

I know how to program a computer.

但有一件事我很會：

I can code.

我懂怎麼寫電腦程式，

And people will tell me that 100 years ago,

我會寫。

folks like me didn't exist,

大家說一百年前

that it was impossible,

沒有我這種職業，

that art made with data is a new thing,

以前覺得不可能、

it's a product of our age,

用數據創作藝術很新潮，

it's something that's really important

是這個年代才有的產物，

to think of as something that's very "now."

因為它真的很「新」，

And that's true.

所以它也格外重要。

But there is an art form that's been around for a very long time

這是真的。

that's really about using information,

但其實很久以前 就已經有一種藝術形式

abstract information,

也是利用資訊，

to make emotionally resonant pieces.

利用抽象的資訊，

And it's called music.

創造出蕩氣迴腸的作品，

We've been making music for tens of thousands of years, right?

那就是音樂。

And if you think about what music is --

我們創作音樂已有上千年了，是吧？

notes and chords and keys and harmonies and melodies --

想想音樂是什麼...

these things are algorithms.

音符、和弦、音調、 和聲、旋律...

These things are systems

這些東西都是演算法、

that are designed to unfold over time,

都是系統，

to make us feel.

隨著時間流轉展開，

I came to the arts through music.

音樂讓我們有所感受。

I was trained as a composer,

音樂使我接觸到藝術，

and about 15 years ago, I started making pieces

我接受作曲的訓練，

that were designed to look at the intersection

約 15 年前我開始作曲，

between sound and image,

精心雕琢聲音和影像的交集，

to use an image to unveil a musical structure

用影像呈現音樂的結構、

or to use a sound to show you something interesting

或是用聲音來表現有趣的事物、

about something that's usually pictorial.

一些平常用圖像表示的事物。

So what you're seeing on the screen is literally being drawn

所以現在各位在螢幕上看到的

by the musical structure of the musicians onstage,

確實是由舞台上音樂家樂曲 的音樂結構所擘畫出來的，

and there's no accident that it looks like a plant,

它們不出意外的看起來像是植物，

because the underlying algorithmic biology of the plant

因為其背後的植物生物演算法 會啟發這樣的音樂結構。

is what informed the musical structure in the first place.

因此一旦你知道這樣的手法， 一旦你會利用媒介寫程式碼，

So once you know how to do this, once you know how to code with media,

你就可以做出一些很酷的東西。

you can do some pretty cool stuff.

這是我為《日舞影展》做的案子，

This is a project I did for the Sundance Film Festival.

概念很簡單：你把奧斯卡 年度最佳影片收集起來，

Really simple idea: you take every Academy Award Best Picture,

然後加速成一分鐘的版本，

you speed it up to one minute each

再把它們全接起來。

and string them all together.

所以在這 75 分鐘裡，大家可以 看到好萊塢電影的歷史脈絡，

And so in 75 minutes, I can show you the history of Hollywood cinema.

而它所要呈現的就是，

And what it really shows you is the history of editing

好萊塢電影的剪接史。

in Hollywood cinema.

所以左邊我們有卡薩布蘭加， 右邊則是芝加哥，

So on the left, we've got Casablanca; on the right, we've got Chicago.

比起來這個速度下的 卡薩布蘭加還看得懂

And you can see that Casablanca is a little easier to read.

因為 1940 年代的電影拍攝， 一個場景的平均長度是 26 秒，

That's because the average length of a cinematic shot in the 1940s

而如今約為 6 秒。

was 26 seconds,

這個專案的啟發自

and now it's around six seconds.

2000 年代早期由美國 聯邦政府資助的研究

This is a project that was inspired

能夠在任何影片內 搜尋到特定演員。

by some work that was funded by the US Federal Government

我改寫了它的程式碼， 訓練出一套系統，

in the early 2000s,

去識別一個在我們文化裡 永遠不需要被這樣監視的人物

to look at video footage and find a specific actor in any video.

也就是小甜甜布蘭妮。

And so I repurposed this code to train a system on one person

我下載了 2000 張她被 狗仔隊拍到的照片，

in our culture who would never need to be surveilled in that manner,

並訓練我的電腦 去找出她的臉，

which is Britney Spears.

只呈現出她的臉。

I downloaded 2,000 paparazzi photos of Britney Spears

透過程式我可以播放任何她的片段， 並且自動讓她的眼睛置於畫面中央，

and trained my computer to find her face

表達我們對監視的雙重標準的省思，

and her face alone.

我們很擔心害怕被受到監視，

I can run any footage of her through it and will center her eyes in the frame,

但同時我們卻又很愛 監視名人的一言一行。

and this sort of is a little double commentary

螢幕上看到的是我和藝術家 連．艾默利思合作的作品。

about surveillance in our society.

螢幕上看到的是我和藝術家 連．艾默利思合作的作品。

We are very fraught with anxiety about being watched,

她的作品說起來很簡單，

but then we obsess over celebrity.

做起來卻很難。

What you're seeing on the screen here is a collaboration I did

她所要呈現的，就是把 72 分鐘 「晚上出城赴約的準備活動」

with an artist named Lián Amaris.

拉長到三天的時間，

What she did is very simple to explain and describe,

她需要在紐約街頭的一個安全島 用慢動作來呈現這一幕

but very hard to do.

我也在現場，帶著攝影團隊 錄下了整個過程，

She took 72 minutes of activity,

然後把它倒放 再加速到 72 分鐘

getting ready for a night out on the town,

所以她看起來像是以正常的速度移動

and stretched it over three days

但整個世界卻是在飛速的運轉著。

and performed it on a traffic island in slow motion in New York City.

突然間我瞭解到

I was there, too, with a film crew.

我做的事情是肖像。

We filmed the whole thing,

提到肖像，各位通常想到的 是螢幕上這種東西。

and then we reversed the process, speeding it up to 72 minutes again,

左邊的人名叫吉伯特．史都華。

so it looks like she's moving normally

他可能是美國第一位肖像畫家。

and the whole world is flying by.

右邊是他在 1796 年畫的 喬治華盛頓（美國國父）。

At a certain point, I figured out

這被稱為「蘭斯道絨」的畫像。

that what I was doing was making portraits.

仔細看看這幅畫中 有很多的象徵，是吧？

When you think about portraiture, you tend to think about stuff like this.

有一道窗外彩虹、 有一把劍、

The guy on the left is named Gilbert Stuart.

有一支鵝毛筆在桌上，

He's sort of the first real portraitist of the United States.

一切的一切都意有所指。

And on the right is his portrait of George Washington from 1796.

喬治華盛頓， 是這個國家的國父，

This is the so-called Lansdowne portrait.

這是我的版本。

And if you look at this painting, there's a lot of symbolism, right?

它像是一個視力測量表，

We've got a rainbow out the window. We've got a sword.

只是我把字母換成了單字，

We've got a quill on the desk.

這 66 個單詞是

All of these things are meant to evoke

喬治．華盛頓在國情咨文演說中

George Washington as the father of the nation.

比其他總統用得還多的單字。

This is my portrait of George Washington.

像是「諸君」這個詞 有其獨特的象徵和修辭意義。

And this is an eye chart,

這個字也很能代表他， 因為他很常使用。

only instead of letters, they're words.

這是小布希總統的視力測量表，

And what the words are is the 66 words

我做出這件作品的時候， 他是當時的總統，

in George Washington's State of the Union addresses

你可以了解 從「諸君」到「恐攻」

that he uses more than any other president.

只歷經了 43 個簡單的步驟， （43屆選舉）

So "gentlemen" has its own symbolism and its own rhetoric.

這道盡了美國的歷史，

And it's really kind of significant that that's the word he used the most.

以一種不同的觀點來呈現、 欣賞一系列的畫作。

This is the eye chart for George W. Bush,

這一系列的作品， 透過美國領導人的政治語言，

who was president when I made this piece.

為我們上了一堂美國歷史課，

And how you get there,

雷根總統最常提到的是「赤字」。

from "gentlemen" to "terror" in 43 easy steps,

柯林頓總統花很多時間強調

tells us a lot about American history,

這個世紀已經不再是 他當總統的世紀，

and gives you a different insight

但他的夫人可能會是。

than you would have looking at a series of paintings.

強森總統是第一位

These pieces provide a history lesson of the United States

在電視黃金時段上 發表國情咨文的總統，

through the political rhetoric of its leaders.

他的每段話都是以「今晚」開頭。

Ronald Reagan spent a lot of time talking about deficits.

尼克森總統，說得更精準一點， 他的演講稿撰稿人

Bill Clinton spent a lot of time

名叫威廉．沙法爾，

talking about the century in which he would no longer be president,

花很多時間字斟句酌，

but maybe his wife would be.

以確保他老闆的演講「字句真誠」。

Lyndon Johnson was the first President

這個專案則是呈現 一系列的巨型雕塑——

to give his State of the Union addresses on prime-time television;

戶外大型燈箱，

he began every paragraph with the word "tonight."

必須特別強調的是 他們是等比例縮小的

And Richard Nixon, or more accurately, his speechwriter,

所以如果你離 20 呎遠 還看得到兩條黑線間的字

a guy named William Safire,

你視力 2.0 啊！

spent a lot of time thinking about language

（觀眾笑）

and making sure that his boss portrayed a rhetoric of honesty.

這就是人像描繪， 還有很多像這樣的作品，

This project is shown as a series of monolithic sculptures.

有很多呈現這些資料的方式，

It's an outdoor series of light boxes.

我開始尋找一種方法，

And it's important to note that they're to scale,

用一種更能讓大眾 接受的形式來呈現

so if you stand 20 feet back and you can read between those two black lines,

更多有關於我的國家 和它的運轉方式。

you have 20/20 vision.

美國每十年會做一次全國普查，

(Laughter)

真的一個個去調查，

This is a portrait. And there's a lot of these.

調查誰住哪裡、你做什麼工作、

There's a lot of ways to do this with data.

我們在家說什麼語言？

I started looking for a way

這些東西很重要，真的非常重要，

to think about how I can do a more democratic form of portraiture,

但這卻無法說明我們是怎樣的人，

something that's more about my country and how it works.

它無法說明我們的夢想、 啟發我們的思想是什麼。

Every 10 years, we make a census in the United States.

因此 2010 年， 我決定來做我自己的人口普查。

We literally count people,

我開始尋找那些

find out who lives where, what kind of jobs we've got,

由一般美國大眾寫的 有大量描述的語料庫。

the language we speak at home.

結果我發現，

And this is important stuff -- really important stuff.

的確有這樣的語料庫存在，

But it doesn't really tell us who we are.

就在那燈火闌珊處，

It doesn't tell us about our dreams and our aspirations.

那就是線上約會網站。

And so in 2010, I decided to make my own census.

所以 2010 年，我加入了 21 個不同的約會服務，

And I started looking for a corpus of data

同性戀的、異性戀的、 男的、女的、

that had a lot of descriptions written by ordinary Americans.

包括美國各地區碼都有，

And it turns out

我下載了 1900 萬人次的 約會檔案，

that there is such a corpus of data

也就是大約 20% 美國成人人口。

that's just sitting there for the taking.

我有強迫症，

It's called online dating.

你們很快就會發現我不是開玩笑的， 再忍耐一下...

So in 2010, I joined 21 different online dating services,

（觀眾笑）

as a gay man, a straight man, a gay woman and a straight woman,

我把這些資料依區碼排序，

in every zip code in America

然後做字詞分析，

and downloaded about 19 million people's dating profiles --

2010 年的約會檔案

about 20 percent of the adult population of the United States.

我們把「寂寞」這個詞畫重點，

I have obsessive-compulsive disorder.

然後與地圖整合，

This is going to become really freaking obvious. Just go with me.

顏色由深到淺代表 這個字的使用量，

(Laughter)

大家會發現阿帕拉契山區 是十分「寂寞」的地區。

So what I did was I sorted all this stuff by zip code.

還可以看到... 內布拉斯加州沒什麼幽默感，

And I looked at word analysis.

這是一張”怪癖“地圖， 我想告訴大家的是

These are some dating profiles from 2010

阿拉斯加的女生需要和 南新墨西哥州的男生

with the word "lonely" highlighted.

一起好好地出去玩一玩。

If you look at these things topographically,

而且我的資料相當仔細，

if you imagine dark colors to light colors are more use of the word,

我可以告訴你長島東半邊的男人 比西半邊的人更熱衷於被「打屁股」。

you can see that Appalachia is a pretty lonely place.

這是你們今天在會場上最大的收穫，

You can also see that Nebraska ain't that funny.

你會記得這個事實，記 30 年！

This is the kinky map, so what this is showing you

（笑聲）

is that the women in Alaska need to get together

如果我們依地區展開，

with the men in southern New Mexico,

還可以玩一點類似視力測量表的把戲。

and have a good time.

我們把美國地圖上的城市名字 置換成他們用得最多的字彙，

And I have this at a pretty granular level,

你和西雅圖那邊的人約會過， 就會同意這多有道理。

so I can tell you that the men in the eastern half of Long Island

他們有「正妹」、「心碎」、

are way more interested in being spanked

「表演」、「香煙」，

than men in the western half of Long Island.

他們玩樂團、抽煙，

This will be your one takeaway from this whole conference.

上面還可以看到「電子郵件」。

You're going to remember that fact for, like, 30 years.

那是華盛頓州的雷德蒙，

(Laughter)

也就是微軟總部的所在地。

When you bring this down to a cartographic level,

有些大家都猜得到—— 洛杉磯是「演戲」，

you can make maps and do the same trick I was doing with the eye charts.

舊金山是「同志」。

You can replace the name of every city in the United States

有些就比較令人心碎，

with the word people use more in that city than anywhere else.

在巴頓魯日，他們大談「胖妞」、

If you've ever dated anyone from Seattle, this makes perfect sense.

但在下游的紐奧良說得是「水災」，

You've got "pretty." You've got "heartbreak."

美國大城市的人們 說他們喜歡什麼，

You've got "gig." You've got "cigarette."

但馬里蘭州巴爾地摩的人， 則是說他們害怕什麼。

They play in a band and they smoke.

這是紐澤西州。

And right above that you can see "email."

我是在「討人厭」和 「憤世嫉俗」之間長大的，

That's Redmond, Washington,

（觀眾鼓掌笑）

which is the headquarters of the Microsoft Corporation.

紐約市的第一名則是「現在」，

Some of these you can guess -- so, Los Angeles is "acting"

譬如說「我現在在當服務生， 但其實我是一名演員。」

and San Francisco is "gay."

（笑聲）

Some are a little bit more heartbreaking.

或「我現在在紐約大學當工程學教授， 但我其實是一個藝術家。」

In Baton Rouge, they talk about being curvy;

往北邊看，可以看到「恐龍」，

downstream in New Orleans, they still talk about the flood.

那是西拉鳩思。

Folks in the American capital will say they're interesting.

紐約州的西拉鳩思最好吃的餐廳，

People in Baltimore, Maryland, will say they're afraid.

最棒的地獄天使燒烤， 店名就是「恐龍燒烤」，

This is New Jersey.

必然的約會聖地。

I grew up somewhere between "annoying" and "cynical."

我現在住在曼哈頓中城， 介於「無條件」和「仲夏」之間，

(Laughter) (Applause)

這是都更後的北布魯克林，

And New York City's number one word is "now,"

會有「DJ」、「五光十色」、 「嬉皮」和「都會」等字。

as in, "Now I'm working as a waiter, but actually I'm an actor."

我想這應該是更普世自發的肖像畫，

(Laughter)

方法就是，把周五晚上我們想做什麼的基礎 套用在紅藍兩黨的城市地圖上。

Or, "Now I'm a professor of engineering at NYU, but actually I'm an artist."

這是我的自畫像，

If you go upstate, you see "dinosaur."

根據我的電子郵件，

That's Syracuse.

20 年來約有 50 萬封，

The best place to eat in Syracuse, New York,

你可以把它想像成一張 「量化」的自拍照。

is a Hell's Angels barbecue joint called Dinosaur Barbecue.

我把我的個人資料代入物理公式，

That's where you would take somebody on a date.

想像一下，所有我聯絡過的人，

I live somewhere between "unconditional" and "midsummer," in Midtown Manhattan.

從中間開始，向外爆炸延伸，

And this is gentrified North Brooklyn,

而每個人之間互相都有引力，

so you've got "DJ" and "glamorous" and "hipsters" and "urbane."

引力大小取決於他們之間 發送電子郵件的頻率

So that's maybe a more democratic portrait.

這也有做語意分析，

And the idea was, what if we made red-state and blue-state maps

所以如果我說「我愛你」 那麼你對我的引力就越大。

based on what we want to do on a Friday night?

你就會被我中央的 電子郵件所吸引

This is a self-portrait.

就像是一線明星一樣。

This is based on my email,

而且所有的姓名都是用手寫的。

about 500,000 emails sent over 20 years.

有時候你會用即時性的數據，

You can think of this as a quantified selfie.

來突顯某個城市的問題。

So what I'm doing is running a physics equation

這是瓦爾特 PPK 9 釐米半自動手槍，

based on my personal data.

那是一把兩年前因情人節的停車糾紛 在紐奧良法國區發生的槍擊案手槍。

You have to imagine everybody I've ever corresponded with.

這是我的香菸。

It started out in the middle and it exploded with a big bang.

這是槍擊案地點的房子。

And everybody has gravity to one another,

這個專案用到一點工程學，

gravity based on how much they've been emailing,

我用一個電腦驅動裝置 帶動腳踏車鏈條來驅動攝影軸，

who they've been emailing with.

整個電腦和機械被包在一個盒子裡，

And it also does sentimental analysis,

手槍被焊在一片鋼板上，

so if I say "I love you," you're heavier to me.

再用繩索穿過扳機，

And you attract to my email addresses in the middle,

盒子裡的電腦連線到

which act like mainline stars.

紐奧良警察局的 911 報案電話，

And all the names are handwritten.

所以紐奧良只要有槍擊案上報，

Sometimes you do this data and this work with real-time data

（槍響）

to illuminate a specific problem in a specific city.

就開槍一次。

This is a Walther PPK 9mm semiautomatic handgun