(Applause)

我來自底特律。

A city that in the 1950s was the world's industrial giant,

（掌聲）

with a population of 1.8 million people

在五○年代，這個城市 是世界上的工業巨人，

and 140 square miles of land and infrastructure,

有 180 萬人口，

used to support this booming, Midwestern urban center.

以及 140 平方英哩的 土地和基礎建設，

And now today,

用來支援這個興旺的 美國中西部都市中心。

just a half a century later,

而現今，

Detroit is the poster child for urban decay.

僅僅半世紀之後，

Currently in Detroit, our population is under 700,000,

底特律成了都市衰退的典型代表。

of which 84 percent are African American,

目前，底特律的人口數不到 70 萬，

and due to decades of disinvestment

當中有 84% 是非裔美國人，

and capital flight

因為數十年來的撤資

from the city into the suburbs,

以及資金外流，

there is a scarcity in Detroit.

從城市外流到郊區，

There is a scarcity of retail,

在底特律出現了蕭條。

more specifically, fresh food retail,

零售業出現蕭條，

resulting in a city where 70 percent of Detroiters

更明確來說， 是新鮮食物零售出現蕭條，

are obese and overweight,

結果是，有 70% 的底特律人

and they struggle.

肥胖或過重，

They struggle to access nutritious food that they need,

他們很辛苦。

that they need to stay healthy,

他們要很辛苦才能找到 他們需要的營養食物，

that they need to prevent premature illness and diet-related diseases.

他們需要這些食物來保持健康，

Far too many Detroiters live closer to a fast food restaurant

他們需要這些食物來預防過早 有身體不適及飲食相關的疾病。

or to a convenience store, or to a gas station

太多太多底特律人 住的地方靠近速食餐廳、

where they have to shop for food

或便利商店、或加油站，

than they do a full-service supermarket.

他們必須在這些地方買食物，

And this is not good news about the city of Detroit,

而找不到完整服務的超市。

but this is the news

這對底特律而言並不是好消息，

and the story

但這是底特律人「打算」

that Detroiters intend to change.

要去改變的

No, I'm going to take that back.

消息和故事。

This is the story that Detroiters are changing,

不，我收回那句話。

through urban agriculture and food entrepreneurship.

這是底特律人「正在」試著改變的故事，

Here's the thing:

透過都市農業 和食物企業經營來做改變。

because of Detroit's recent history,

重點是這個：

it now finds itself

因為底特律近期的歷史，

with some very unique assets,

以致於現在，

open land being one of them.

它有著一些非常獨特的資產，

Experts say that the entire cities of Boston, San Francisco,

其中之一是開放的土地。

and the borough of Manhattan

專家說，波士頓、舊金山，

will fit in the land area of the city of Detroit.

和曼哈頓行政區全部相加的面積

They further go on to say

還比底特律市的土地面積小。

that 40 square miles of the city is vacant.

他們進一步說，

That's a quarter to a third of the city,

該城市有 40 平方英哩的 空間是空著的。

and with that level of emptiness,

那是城市面積的 四分之一到三分之一，

it creates a landscape unlike any other big city.

這麼空曠的程度，

So Detroit has this -- open land, fertile soil,

創造出來的景色 也和其他大城市很不同。

proximity to water,

所以，底特律有這些： 開放土地、肥沃土壤、

willing labor

離水很近的位置、

and a desperate demand for healthy, fresh food.

勞動的意願、

All of this has created a people-powered grassroots movement

以及對於新鮮健康食物的高度需求。

of people in Detroit

這一切加起來，創造出了 由人民推動的草根運動，

who are transforming this city

參與者是底特律的人，

from what was the capital of American industry

他們在把這個城市做轉變，

into an agrarian paradise.

從過去美國工業的首都，

(Applause)

變成農耕的天堂。

You know, I think, out of all the cities in the world,

（掌聲）

Detroit, Michigan, is best positioned to serve as the world's urban exemplar

我認為，在全世界所有的城市中，

of food security and sustainable development.

在食物安全以及永續發展方面， 密西根的底特律

In Detroit, we have over 1,500, yes, 1,500

最適合成為世界的都市典範。

gardens and farms located all across the city today.

現今，在底特律， 有 1500 個，是的，

And these aren't plots of land

1500 個花園和農田，遍及全市。

where we're just growing tomatoes and carrots either.

這些也不是只被我們

You understand, urban agriculture in Detroit is all about community,

拿來種植蕃茄和蘿蔔的小塊土地。

because we grow together.

你們要了解，底特律的 都市農業重點在於社群，

So these spaces are spaces of conviviality.

因為我們一起成長。

These spaces are places where we're building social cohesion

所以這些空間是歡快友好的空間。

as well as providing healthy, fresh food

我們在這些地方建立社會融和，

to our friends, our families and our neighbors.

也把新鮮健康的食物

Come walk with me.

提供給我們的親朋好友和鄰居。

I want to take you through a few Detroit neighborhoods,

來跟我走一趟。

and I want you to see what it looks like when you empower local leadership,

我想要帶你們走過 幾個底特律的鄰里，

and when you support grassroots movements

我想要讓你們看看，當你們 將權力賦予地方的領導者、

of folks who are moving the needle in low-income communities

支持由在低收入社區中有影響力的人

and people of color.

以及有色人種所進行的草根運動時，

Our first stop, Oakland Avenue Farms.

情況會是什麼樣子。

Oakland Avenue Farms is located in Detroit's North End neighborhood.

我們的第一站，奧克蘭大道農場。

Oakland Avenue Farms is transforming into a five-acre landscape

奧克蘭大道農場位在 底特律北端的鄰坊中，

combining art, architecture, sustainable ecologies

奧克蘭大道農場正在 轉變為五英畝的景色，

and new market practices.

結合了藝術、建築、永續生態、

In the truest sense of the word,

以及新的市場做法。

this is what agriculture looks like in the city of Detroit.

在最真實的意義上，

I've had the opportunity to work with Oakland Avenue Farms

在底特律的農業 看起來就是這個樣子的。

in hosting Detroit-grown and made farm-to-table dinners.

我有機會和奧克蘭大道農場合作，

These are dinners where we bring folks onto the farm,

主辦「農場到餐桌」晚餐會， 用底特律種植及製作的食物。

we give them plenty of time and opportunity

在這些晚餐會， 我們會帶人們到農場來，

to meet and greet and talk to the grower,

我們給予他們很足夠的時間和機會，

and then they're taken on a farm tour.

可以會見種植者， 和他們打招呼、聊天，

And then afterwards, they're treated to a farm-to-table meal

接著他們會被帶去參觀農場。

prepared by a chef

之後，他們能享用 「農場到餐桌」餐點，

who showcases all the produce on the farm right at the peak of its freshness.

餐點由一位主廚來準備，

We do that.

他會讓農場所有的產物 在最新鮮的時候亮相。

We bring people onto the farm,

我們是那樣做的。

we have folks sitting around a table,

我們把人們帶到農場，

because we want to change people's relationship to food.

我們讓人們圍著桌子坐下，

We want them to know exactly where their food comes from

因為我們想要改變 人們與食物的關係。

that is grown on that farm that's on the plate.

我們希望他們能清楚 知道食物來自何處，

My second stop,

盤子中的食物， 正是在那個農場中生長的。

I'm going to take you on the west side of Detroit,

我的第二站，

to the Brightmoor neighborhood.

我要帶你們去底特律的西區，

Now, Brightmoor is a lower-income community in Detroit.

去布萊特摩爾區。

There's about 13,000 residents in Brightmoor.

現在，布萊特摩爾是 底特律的低收入區。

They decided to take a block-by-block-by-block strategy.

布萊特摩爾的居民數大約 13000。

So within the neighborhood of Brightmoor,

他們決定採用的策略是 一個街區一個街區來做。

you'll find a 21-block microneighborhood called Brightmoor Farmway.

所以，在布萊特摩爾的鄰坊中，

Now, what was a notorious, unsafe, underserved community

可以找到一個 21 街區的 微鄰坊，叫做布萊特摩爾農道。

has transformed into a welcoming, beautiful, safe farmway,

這裡曾經是個惡名昭彰、不安全、 得不到充分服務的社區，

lush with parks and gardens and farms and greenhouses.

現在已轉變為一個歡迎人、 漂亮、安全的農道，

This tight-knit community also came together recently,

裡面滿是公園、花園、 農場，以及溫室。

and they purchased an abandoned building,

這個緊室接合的社區 也是近期才建起來的，

an abandoned building that was in disrepair and in foreclosure.

他們買下了一棟廢棄的建築，

And with the help of friends and families and volunteers,

這棟廢棄的建築失修破損， 且喪失抵押品贖回權。

they were able to take down the bulletproof glass,

在朋友、家人、志工的協助下，

they were able to clean up the grounds

他們能夠把防彈玻璃拆除，

and they transformed that building into a community kitchen,

他們能夠把地板清理乾淨，

into a cafe, into a storefront.

他們把那建築轉變成了社區廚房、

Now the farmers and the food artisans who live in Brightmoor,

咖啡廳，以及店面。

they have a place where they can make and sell their product.

現在，住在布萊特摩爾的 農夫以及食物工匠

And the people in the community

有個地方可以讓他們製作 和販售他們的產品。

have some place where they can buy healthy, fresh food.

而社區內的人

Urban agriculture -- and this is my third example --

也有地方可以購買新鮮健康的食物。

can be used as a way to lift up the business cooperative model.

我的第三個例子是，都市農業

The 1,500 farms and gardens I told you about earlier?

可以被用來當作是振興 這個企業合作模型的方式。

Keep Growing Detroit is a nonprofit organization

我先前告訴各位的 1500 個農場和花園？

that had a lot to do with those farms.

「持續種植底特律」是個非營利組織，

They distributed last year 70,000 packets of seeds

那些農場和它很有關係。

and a quarter of a million transplants,

去年，他們分發了七萬包種子、

and as a result of that last year,

25 萬株移植苗木，

550,000 pounds of produce

而去年的成果是

was grown in the city of Detroit.

有 55 萬磅的農產品

(Applause)

是在底特律種植的。

But aside from all of that,

（掌聲）

they also manage and operate a cooperative.

但除了這些之外，

It's called Grown in Detroit.

他們也想辦法營運了一間合作社。

It consists of about 70 farmers,

叫做「種於底特律」。

small farmers.

成員有 70 位農夫，

They all grow, and they sell together.

都是小農夫。

They grow fruits,

他們都會種植，然後一起販售。

they grow vegetables,

他們會種水果，

they grow flowers,

他們會種蔬菜，

they grow herbs in healthy soil,

他們會種花，

free of chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers,

他們會在健康土壤上種藥草，

genetically modified products --

沒有化學物質、農藥、肥料、

healthy food.

基因改造產品，

And when their product is sold

這些都是健康食物。

all over the city of Detroit in local markets,

當他們的產品在底特律

they get a hundred percent of the proceeds from the sale.

全市各處的當地市場中賣掉時，

In a city like Detroit,

他們從銷售得到的收益是 100%。

where far too many, far too many African Americans are dying

在底特律這樣子的城市，

as a result of diet-related diseases,

有太多太多非裔美國人的死於

restaurants, they have a huge role to play

飲食相關疾病，

in increasing healthy food access in the city of Detroit,

因此餐廳扮演了很重要的角色，

culturally appropriate restaurants.

來協助增加健康食物 在底特律的可得性，

Enter Detroit Vegan Soul.

在文化契合之餐廳中的可得性。

Yes, we have a vegan soul food restaurant in the city of Detroit.

這就要談到「底特律 全素靈魂餐廳」了。

(Applause)

是的，在底特律也有賣傳統食物的素食餐廳了。

Yes, yes.

（掌聲）

Detroit Vegan Soul is providing Detroiters the opportunity

是的，是的。

to eat more plant-based meals

「底特律全素靈魂」讓底特律人有機會

and they've received an overwhelming response from Detroiters.

吃到更多素食餐點，

Detroiters are hungry for culturally appropriate,

且底特律人對這間餐廳的反應非常棒。

fresh, delicious food.

底特律人很渴望能有文化契合的、

That's why we built a nonprofit organization called FoodLab Detroit,

新鮮、好吃的食物。

to help small neighborhood burgeoning food entrepreneurs

因此我們建立了一個非營利組織， 叫做「底特律食物實驗室」，

start and scale healthy food businesses.

來協助鄰坊中正在 快速發展的小型創業家，

FoodLab provides these entrepreneurs incubation,

開始做健康食物生意並擴展規模。

hands-on education, workshops,

食物實驗室提供這些創業家籌劃、

technical assistance, access to industry experts

實做教育訓練、工作坊、

so that they can grow and scale.

技術協助，和產業專家接觸的門徑，

They're very small businesses,

讓他們能夠成長和擴展。

but last year, they had a combined revenue

他們的企業很小，

of over 7.5 million dollars,

但去年，他們加起來的收益

and they provided 252 jobs.

超過 750 萬美金，

Listen.

且他們提供了 252 個工作機會。

(Applause)

聽著...

These are just a few examples

（掌聲）

on how you expand opportunities

這些只是少數的例子，

so that everybody can participate

說明你要如何拓展機會，

and prosper,

讓每個人都可以參與，

particularly those who come from neighborhoods

一起昌盛，

that have been historically excluded from these types of opportunities.

特別是那些在歷史上

I know, I know.

所住區域都沒有這類機會的人。

My city is a long way from succeeding.

我知道，我知道。

We're still struggling,

我的城市和成功的距離很遠。

and I'm not going to stand here on this stage and tell you

我們仍然在掙扎，

that all of Detroit's problems and all of Detroit's challenges

我不會站在台上這裡告訴你們

are going to be solved through urban agriculture.

底特律所有的問題和挑戰

I'm not going to do that,

都能透過都市農業來解決。

but I will tell you this:

我不會這麼做，

urban agriculture has Detroit thinking about its city

但我會告訴你們這一點：

now in a different way,

都市農業讓底特律 現在能夠用不同的方式

a city that can be both urban and rural.

來看待這個城市，

And yes, I know, these stories are small,

這個城市能同時是都市又是郊區。

these stories are neighborhood-based stories,

是的，我知道， 這些故事都是小故事，

but these stories are powerful.

這些故事都是鄰坊的故事，

They're powerful because I'm showing you how we're creating a new society

但這些故事很強大。

left vacant in the places and the spaces that was disintegration from the old.

它們很強大是因為， 我向各位展現出一個新的社會

They're powerful stories because they're stories about love,

是如何從一個曾在歷史洪流中 被遺忘瓦解的城市重生而出的。

the love that Detroiters have for one another,

這些故事強大， 因為它們是關於愛的故事，

the love that we have for our community, the love that we have for Mother Earth,

底特律人對彼此的愛，

but more importantly, these stories are stories

我們對社區的愛， 我們對大地之母的愛，

on how devastation, despair, decay

更重要的是，這些故事

never ever get the last word in the city of Detroit.

是關於荒廢、絕望、衰落

When hundreds of thousands of people left Detroit,

在底特律市裡永遠不會取得決定權。

and they left us for dead, those who stayed had hope.

當數十萬人離開底特律時，

They held on to hope.

他們丟下我們等死， 而留下的人抱有希望。

They never gave up.

他們緊抓著希望。

They always kept fighting.

他們從不放棄。

And listen, I know,

他們總是持續奮戰。

transforming a big city like Detroit to one that is prosperous,

聽著，我知道，

one that's functional, one that's healthy,

把底特律這麼大的城市 轉變成一個繁榮、

one that's inclusive, one that provides opportunities for all,

有功能性、健康、包容、

I know it's tough,

且能提供機會給所有人的城市，

I know it's challenging, I know it's hard.

我知道很艱難，

But I just believe

我知道很有挑戰，我知道很不容易。

that if we start strengthening the social fabric of our communities,

但我就是相信，

and if we kickstart economic opportunities in our most vulnerable neighborhoods,

如果我們能開始強化社區的社會結構，

it all starts with healthy, accessible,

如果我們在最脆弱的鄰坊中 推動經濟機會，

delicious, culturally appropriate food.

這一切都始於健康、可取得、

Thank you very much.

美味、與文化契合的食物。

(Applause)

非常謝謝。

Thank you.

（掌聲）