And I was the underdog.

去年我在家鄉俄克拉荷馬州 土爾沙市競選市長。

I was running against a two-term incumbent,

我處於劣勢。

and my opponent ran the classic partisan playbook.

我的對手是已經 做了兩任的現任市長，

He publicized his endorsement of Donald Trump.

他採用的是典型的 黨派偏見（盲目擁護）策略。

He publicized a letter that he sent to President Obama

他宣傳他有唐諾川普的背書。

protesting Syrian refugees,

他宣傳他寄給歐巴馬總統的信，

even though none of them were coming to Tulsa.

內容是抗議敘利亞難民，

(Laughter)

即使根本沒有 敘利亞難民到土爾沙市來。

He ran ads on TV that my kids thought made me look like Voldemort,

（笑聲）

and sent out little gems in the mail, like this.

我的孩子認為他的電視廣告 讓我看起來像佛地魔，

[America's most liberal labor union has endorsed]

他還用信件寄出像這樣的珍品。

Never mind that "America's most liberal labor union,"

〔美國最自由主義的勞工工會背書〕

as defined by this ad, was actually the Tulsa Firefighters Union,

別在意這句「美國最 自由主義的勞工工會」，

hardly a famed bastion of liberalism.

根據這張廣告的定義， 其實是土爾沙消防隊工會，

(Laughter)

實在算不上有名的自由主義捍衛者。

Never mind that while she was running for president

（笑聲）

and he was serving in his final year in that office,

別在意當她正在競選總統時，

Hillary, Barack and I could just never find the time to get together

他正在白宮任期的最後一年，

and yuck it up about the Tulsa mayor's race.

希拉蕊、巴拉克和我， 我們實在找不出時間聚聚

(Laughter)

來笑談土爾沙市市長選戰。

Never mind that I, like my opponent,

（笑聲）

am a Republican.

別在意我和對手一樣

(Laughter)

都是共和黨員。

And so when something like this hits you in a campaign,

（笑聲）

you have to decide how you're going to respond,

所以，當你在選戰時受到這種攻擊，

and we had a novel idea.

你得要決定如何回應，

What if, instead of responding with partisanship,

而我們有個新穎的點子。

we responded with a focus on results?

如果不採用黨派偏見來回應，

What if we ran a campaign

而是把焦點放在結果來回應呢？

that was not about running against someone,

如果我們的競選活動

but was about bringing people together behind a common vision?

重點不在於對抗某個人，

And so we decided to respond not with a negative ad

而是用一個共同的遠景 把人們結合在一起呢？

but with something people find even sexier --

所以我們決定不要用 負面廣告來回應，

data points.

而是用人們會覺得 更迷人的回應方式──

(Laughter)

資料點。

And so we emphasized things like increasing per capita income in our city,

（笑聲）

increasing our city's population,

我們強調增加我們市民的平均收入，

and we stuck to those relentlessly, throughout the campaign,

增加我們城市的人口，

always bringing it back to those things

在整個競選活動期間， 我們都這樣堅持著，

by which our voters could measure, in a very transparent way,

總是都帶回到我們的選民

how we were doing,

可以用非常透明的方式 來測量的東西上，

and hold me accountable if I got elected.

我們做得如何，

And a funny thing happened when we did that.

如果我當選了我就要為這些負責。

Tulsa is home to one of the most vibrant

當我們那樣做之後， 發生了有趣的事。

young professional populations in the country,

土爾沙市是美國有最多

and they took notice of this approach.

朝氣和年輕職業人口的家鄉之一，

We have in our culture in our city,

而他們注意到了這個方法。

an ethos where our business leaders don't just run companies,

在我們的城市裡、我們的文化中，

they run philanthropic institutions and nonprofits,

有種風氣，就是我們的 企業領導人不只是經營公司，

and those folks took notice.

他們也經營慈善機構和非營利機構，

We have parents who are willing to sacrifice today

那些人注意到了。

so that their kids can have a better future,

我們有些父母，願意犧牲今天，

and those people took notice, too.

來讓他們孩子有更好的未來。

And so on election day,

那些人也注意到了。

I, G.T. Bynum,

所以，在投票日，

a guy whose name reminds people of a circus promoter ...

我，G.T. 拜能，

(Laughter)

一個名字會讓人聯想到 馬戲團贊助者的傢伙，

a guy with the raw animal magnetism of a young Orville Redenbacher ...

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

一個有著年輕奧維爾雷登巴克魅力的 傢伙，（註：爆米花企業家）

I won the election by 17 points.

（笑聲）

(Applause)

我贏選舉，且贏了 17%。

And we did it with the support of Republicans and Democrats.

（掌聲）

Now, why is that story and that approach so novel?

我們有共和黨和民主黨的 支持才做到的。

Why do we always allow ourselves

為什麼那個故事和方法如此新穎？

to fall back on philosophical disagreements

為什麼我們總是允許我們自己

that ultimately lead to division?

落回到哲學的歧見裡面，

I believe it is because politicians

最終導致分裂？

find it easier to throw the red meat out to the base

我認為是因為政治人物

than to innovate.

覺得丟出一塊紅肉滿足支持者

The conventional wisdom is that to win an election,

比創新容易。

you have to dumb it down

一般的看法是，若要贏得選舉，

and play to your constituencies' basest, divisive instincts.

你得降到大眾的低智商水平，

And when somebody wins an election like that,

迎合你的選民基礎和分歧的天性。

they win, that's true,

當有人用那樣的方式贏得選舉，

but the rest of us lose.

他們就是贏了，那是事實，

And so what we need to do is think about how can we change that dynamic.

但我們剩下的人就輸了。

How can we move in a direction

所以我們得想想 要如何改變那種動力。

where partisanship is replaced with policy?

我們要如何調整方向，

And fortunately, there's a growing bipartisan movement across this country

用政策來取代黨派偏見？

that is doing just that.

幸運的是，在全美， 超黨派運動正在成長，

One of its heroes is a guy named Mitch Daniels.

這個運動做的就是那件事。

Mitch Daniels served as George W. Bush's budget director,

其中一位英雄，叫米奇丹尼爾。

and during that time,

米奇丹尼爾是小布希總統的預算主管，

he created what was called the PART tool.

在那段時間，

The PART tool allowed people to evaluate a broad range of federal programs

他創造了一個工具，叫「PART」。

and apply numerical scoring for them

「PART」讓人們能評估 各種聯邦計畫，

on things like program management and project results.

並對它們採用數值評分，

And using this, they evaluated over a thousand federal programs.

評估計畫管理、專案結果等等。

Over 150 programs had their funding reduced

用這個工具，他們評估了 超過一千個聯邦計畫。

because they could not demonstrate success.

有超過 150 個計畫的資金被縮減，

But unfortunately, there wasn't ever a well-publicized increase in funding

因為它們無法展現出成功。

for those programs that did demonstrate success,

不幸的是，對於確實有展現出 成功的那些計畫，

and because of this, the program was never really popular with Congress,

從來也沒有廣為人知的資金增加，

and was eventually shuttered.

因為這個原因，這計畫 一直沒在國會受歡迎，

But the spirit of that program lived on.

最終被終止了。

Mitch Daniels went home to Indiana,

但這個計畫的精神還繼續活著。

ran for governor, got elected,

米奇丹尼爾回到印第安納的家鄉，

and applied the same premise to state programs,

競選州長，且當選了，

reducing funding for those programs that could not demonstrate success,

他把同樣的前提假設用到州計畫上，

but this time, he very publicly increased funding for those programs

無法展現出成功的計畫， 資金就會被縮減，

that could demonstrate success,

但這一次，他非常公開地 對於展現出成功的計畫

things like increasing the number of state troopers

提供更多資金，

that they needed to have,

比如像是增加他們所需要擁有的

reducing wait times at the DMV --

州警數目、

and today, Mitch Daniels is the president of Purdue University,

減少監理處的等候時間──

applying yet again the same principles,

現今，米奇丹尼爾是 普渡大學的校長，

this time at the higher ed level,

他又使用同樣的原則，

and he's done that in order to keep tuition levels for students there flat

這次用在更高的教育層級，

for half a decade.

他那麼做的目的是要

Now, while Mitch Daniels applied this at the federal level,

維持學生的學費五年不漲價。

the state level, and in higher ed,

雖然米奇丹尼爾在聯邦層級、

the guy that really cracked the code for cities

州層級、高等教育層級 採用這些規則，

is a Democrat, Martin O'Malley,

但真正為城市做到這些的，

during his time as Mayor of Baltimore.

是民主黨的馬丁歐麥利，

Now, when Mayor O'Malley took office,

在當巴爾的摩市長的期間做到的。

he was a big fan of what they'd been able to do in New York City

當歐麥利市長就職，

when it came to fighting crime.

他非常崇拜紐約市

When Rudy Giuliani first became Mayor of New York,

對於打擊犯罪所做的事。

crime statistics were collected on a monthly, even an annual basis,

當魯迪朱利安尼最初 成為紐約市長時，

and then police resources would be allocated based on those statistics.

犯罪統計數字是每個月 甚至每年收集一次的，

Giuliani shrunk that time frame, so that crime statistics

警方資源則是根據 這些統計數字來分配。

would be collected on a daily, even hourly basis,

朱利安尼把時間範圍縮短，

and then police resources would be allocated

這麼一來，就必須要每天 甚至每小時收集犯罪統計數字，

to those areas quickly where crimes were occurring today

接著，很快把警方的資源

rather than where they were occurring last quarter.

分配到現今在發生犯罪的區域，

Well, O'Malley loved that approach, and he applied it in Baltimore.

而不是分配到上季發生犯罪的區域。

And he applied it to the two areas that were most problematic for Baltimore

歐麥利很喜歡那個方法， 所以它用在巴爾的摩。

from a crime-fighting standpoint.

他把那個方法用在 巴爾的摩打擊犯罪方面

We call these the kidneys of death.

問題最大的兩個區域。

[Baltimore homicides and shootings, 1999]

我們稱它們是死亡的腎臟。

So there they are, the kidneys.

〔巴爾的摩自殺案和 槍擊案，1999 年〕

Now watch this.

腎臟就在圖上這裡。

Watch what happens when you apply data in real time

看看這個。

and deploy resources quickly.

看看採用即使資料和快速部署資源

In a decade, they reduced violent crime in Baltimore

之後會發生什麼事。

by almost 50 percent, using this approach,

用這個方法，在十年間，

but the genius of what O'Malley did

巴爾蒂摩的暴力犯罪減少了近一半，

was not that he just did what some other city was doing.

但歐麥利的天才之舉

Lots of us mayors do that.

並不是他用了其他城市的做法。

(Laughter)

很多市長都會這樣。

He realized that the same approach could be used to all of the problems

（笑聲）

that his city faced.

他了解到，同樣的方法

And so they applied it to issue after issue in Baltimore,

可以被用在他的城市 所面臨的所有問題上。

and today, it's being used by mayors across the country

所以，在巴爾的摩，他們把它 用在一個又一個的議題上，

to deal with some of our greatest challenges.

現今，全國各地的市長都在用它

And the overall approach is a very simple one --

來處理我們許多的大挑戰。

identify the goal that you want to achieve;

而整體的方法非常簡單──

identify a measurement by which you can track progress

找出你想要達成的目標；

toward that goal;

找出可用來追蹤該目標進展的測量值；

identify a way of testing that measurement cheaply and quickly;

找出一種便宜又快速的方式 來測試該測量值；

and then deploy whatever strategies you think would work,

然後把所有你認為 可能有用的策略都部署出去，

test them,

測試它們，

reduce funding for the strategies that don't work,

針對沒有用的策略， 減少它們的資金，

and put your money into those strategies that do.

然後把你的錢投入有用的策略上。

Today, Atlanta is using this to address housing issues

現今，亞特蘭大在用這個方法

for their homeless population.

來處理無家可歸者的住房議題。

Philadelphia has used this to reduce their crime rates

費城用這個方法來降低 他們的犯罪率，

to levels not enjoyed since the 1960s.

降到從 1960 年代之後 就沒享受過的低點。

Louisville has used this not just for their city

路易斯維爾不只為該城市 採用這個方法，

but in a community-wide effort bringing resources together

也在社區層級努力 將資源集合在一起，

to address vacant and abandoned properties.

來處理空著的、廢棄的資產。

And I am using this approach in Tulsa.

我也在土爾沙市用這個方法。

I want Tulsa to be a world-class city,

我想要讓土爾沙成為世界級的城市，

and we cannot do that if we aren't clear in what our goals are

我們不可能辦到，除非我們 清楚知道我們的目標是什麼，

and we don't use evidence and evaluation to accomplish them.

且要用證據及評估來達成那些目標。

Now, what's interesting, and we've found in implementing this,

當我們在導入這個方法時， 發現了有趣的事，

a lot of people, when you talk about data,

當你在談論資料時，

people think of that as a contrast to creativity.

很多人會認為那是創意的對比。

What we've found is actually quite the opposite.

但我們發現事實完全相反。

We've found it to be an engine for creative problem-solving,

我們發現它其實是 創意式解決問題的引擎，

because when you're focused on a goal,

因為如果你把焦點放在一個目標上，

and you can test different strategies quickly,

且你能快速測試不同的策略，

the sky's the limit on the different things that you can test out.

你就能測試各種 不同的東西，沒有限制。

You can come up with any strategy that you can come up with

你能想出任何你能想出的策略，

and utilize and try and test it

然後使用它、嘗試它、測試它，

until you find something that works, and then you double down on that.

直到你找到行得通的策略， 再針對它來加碼。

The other area that we've found that it lends itself to creativity

我們發現它適合創意的另一個地方，

is that it breaks down those old silos of ownership

是它能夠把我們在治理上常常

that we run into so often in government.

遇到的隔閡給打破，

It allows you to draw all the stakeholders in your community

它讓你能吸引你社區中所有關心

that care about homelessness or crime-fighting or education

無家可歸者、打擊犯罪、教育、

or vacant and abandoned properties,

空著或廢棄之資產的利害關係人，

and bring those people to the table

讓大家坐下來談，

so you can work together to address your common goal.

大家就能合作來針對共同目標努力。

Now, in Tulsa, we're applying this

在土爾沙，我們把這個方法

to things that are common city initiatives,

用在共同的城市行動方案上，

things like, as you've heard now repeatedly,

比如，你現在已經聽過很多次的，

public safety -- that's an obvious one;

公共安全──那是很明顯的一項；

improving our employee morale at the city --

改善城市員工的士氣──

we don't think you could do good things unless you've got happy employees;

我們認為，如果沒有 快樂的員工，就不可做好事；

improving the overall street quality throughout our community.

改善我們整個社區的整體街道品質。

But we're also applying it to things that are not so traditional

但我們也把這個方法 用在不太傳統的地方，

when you think about what cities are responsible for,

當你想想城市應該要對什麼負責，

things like increasing per capita income,

比如增加人均收入、

increasing our population,

增加人口數、

improving our high school graduation rates,

改善我們的高中畢業率、

and perhaps the greatest challenge that we face as a city.

也許還有我們這個城市 所面臨的最的大挑戰。

At the dawn of the 1920s,

在 1920 年代初期，

Tulsa was home to the most vibrant African American community in the country.

土爾沙是美國最活躍的 非裔美國人社區。

The Greenwood section of our city was known as Black Wall Street.

我們城市的葛林伍區 被稱為是黑色華爾街。

In 1921, in one night,

1921 年的一個晚上，

Tulsa experienced the worst race riot in American history.

土爾沙發生了美國史上 最糟的種族暴亂。

Black Wall Street was burned to the ground,

黑色華爾街全被燒毀，

and today, a child that is born

現今，出生在我們城市中

in the most predominantly African American part of our city

最主要非裔美國人區的孩子，

is expected to live 11 years less than a kid that's born elsewhere in Tulsa.

平均壽命比在土爾沙其他地方 出生的孩子少 11 年。

Now, for us, this is a unifying issue.

對我們來說，這是個統一的問題。

Four years from now, we will recognize

現在算起四年後，

the 100th commemoration of that awful event,

將會是那個可怕事件的百週年紀念，

and in Tulsa, we are bringing every tool that we can

在土爾沙，我們會使用 所有能用的工具，

to address that life-expectancy disparity,

來處理那壽命長度懸殊差異的問題，

and we're not checking party registration cards

我們不會在會議的入口處檢查

at the door to the meetings.

你是哪個黨派的人。

We don't care who you voted for for president

我們不在乎你投票給 哪個總統候選人，

if you want to help restore the decade of life

如果你現今願意協助那些

that's being stolen from these kids right now.

被偷走的十年多壽命孩子 恢復壽命的長度。

And so we've got white folks and black folks,

我們有白人也有黑人，

Hispanic folks and Native American folks,

有西班牙人也有美國原住民，

we've got members of Congress, members of the city council,

有國會議員、市議會議員、

business leaders, religious leaders,

企業領導人、宗教領導人、

Trump people and Hillary people,

川普支持者和希拉蕊支持者，

all joined by one common belief,

因為一個共同信念而結合在一起，

and that is that a kid should have an equal shot at a good life in our city,

即：在我們的城市裡， 孩子應該有平等的機會去過好生活，

regardless of what part of town they happen to be born in.

不論他們剛好在城市的哪一區出生。

Now, how do we go forward with that?

我們要如何做到那一點？

Is that easy to accomplish?

很容易達成嗎？

Of course not!

當然不！

If it were easy to accomplish,

如果很容易達成，

somebody would have already done it before us.

在我們之前就會有人做了。

But what I love about city government

但市政府讓我很喜歡的一點，

is that the citizens can create

就是市民可以把城市建造成

whatever kind of city they're willing to build,

他們希望的任何樣子， 只要他們願意，