I'm going to begin today with a story

今天，我打算用一個故事開頭，

and end with a revolution.

以一場革命來結束。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Are you ready?

你們準備好了嗎？

Audience: Yes!

觀眾：準備好了！

Naomi McDougall-Jones: Here's the story.

娜歐蜜麥克杜格爾瓊斯： 故事是這樣的。

All my life I wanted to be an actress.

我一生的志願就是當演員。

From the time I was very small, I could feel the magic of storytelling

從我非常小的時候， 我就能感受到說故事的魔力，

and I wanted to be a part of it.

而我想要參與其中。

So, at the ripe age of 21,

所以，在我步入成熟的 21 歲時，

I graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts

我從紐約市的美國藝術戲劇

in New York City,

學院畢業，

bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, and ready to take my rightful place

我又有熱情又快樂， 準備要理所當然地成為

as the next Meryl Streep.

第二個梅莉史翠普。

That's my grandmother, not Meryl Streep.

那是我祖母，不是梅莉史翠普。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now, it's important for this story that you understand

這個故事很重要的一點， 是你們要知道，

that I was raised by a raging feminist.

養大我的是個憤怒的女權主義者。

I mean, just to give you some idea:

先讓你們有點概念：

when I was five or six years old and obsessed with "The Sound of Music,"

我五六歲時很迷《真善美》，

and running around, singing, "I am 16 going on 17,"

總是每天且整天跑來跑去，

all day every day,

唱著「十六歲快要十七歲」，

my mother sat me down for a very serious conversation

我媽讓我坐下來， 和她進行了場很嚴肅的對談，

and she said, "OK, look.

她說：「好，聽著，

I'm not going to say that you can't sing that song,

我並不是說你不能唱那首歌，

but if you are going to sing that song, I do need you to understand

但若你要唱那首歌，我要你了解，

the extremely problematic gender construct that it reinforces."

它讓極有問題的性別架構被強化。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So that's where I come from.

我就來自這樣的家庭。

So it just honestly never even occurred to me

老實說，我從來沒有想過

that I would be prevented from doing anything in my life

身為女人會影響到我在人生中

because I'm a woman.

做任何事。

OK. So I graduate.

好，所以我畢業了。

And I start auditioning and I get work, slowly.

我開始去試鏡，慢慢有了工作。

But I just start noticing that the parts available for women

但我開始注意到，女性的角色

are terrible.

都很糟糕。

But, remember -- I came here

但，請記得——我來這裡

to play smart, willful, complicated, interesting

是要扮演聰明、機智、難懂、有趣、

complex, confident female characters, right?

複雜、自信的女性角色，對吧？

Like Meryl.

就像梅莉。

And all of the sudden,

突然間，

I am wrestling with 300 other gorgeous, talented women

我要和三百個有才華的美女競爭，

to play ...

扮演……

"[Female] No dialogue.

「【女人】沒有對白。

The character only needs to stand on a balcony,

這個角色只需要站在陽台上，

look forlorn, and walk back inside the house.

看起來很孤獨，然後走進房子裡。

Only partial nudity."

只要部份裸露。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

"[Sarah] Brian's love interest.

「【莎菈】布萊恩想追的對象。

Attractive, cute, and flirty, she is the ideal girl and Brian's prize

有吸引力、漂亮、會調情， 是個理想的女孩，整部片從頭到尾

throughout the entire film."

她都是布萊恩的錦標。」

"[Mom] A proper Southern belle who is making peace with the fact

「【媽媽】高尚的南方美女， 她在試著接受一個事實：

that her only purpose in life is to tend to her husband."

她人生的唯一目的 就是照料她先生。」

"[Abby] Must be OK with a tastefully shot gang rape,

「【艾比】必須要能夠接受 拍一個集體強暴的高雅鏡頭，

along with performing 19th-century dance."

同時要表演十九世紀舞蹈。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Those are actual casting notices.

那些都是真正的角色甄選通告。

And so I just mentioned this to my agent one day,

所以有天我就和我的經紀人 提了這件事，

I say, "I feel like I'm not really going in for parts

我說：「我覺得演戲真的開心，

that I'm actually excited about playing.

但我真的不喜歡那些角色。」

And he said, "Yeah. I don't really know what to do with you.

他說：「嗯。我不知道該拿你怎麼辦。

You're too smart for the parts

對於劇本中那些二十多歲

that are being written for women in their 20s,

的女性角色來說，你太聰明了，

and you're not quite pretty enough to be the hot one,

你又沒漂亮到能演 火辣的角色，所以我想

so I think you'll work when you're 35."

當你三十五歲時你就會有工作了。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And I said, "Oh. That's funny.

我說：「喔，真好笑。

I always thought that when you were 35, you were kind of, like,

我一直以為當你三十五歲時， 你就有點算是開始

over the hill as an actress,

走下坡的女演員了，

that you were relegated to playing 20-year-olds' mothers."

你會被降級去演 二十多歲角色的媽媽。」

And he said, "Yeah --

他說：「是的——

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It's just the way it is."

現實就是這樣。」

So, maybe a year or so after this,

所以，大約一年之後，

I'm having lunch with an actress friend of mine,

我和一位女演員朋友吃午餐，

and we're talking about how insane this is.

我們在談論這狀況有多荒唐。

And we decide, you know what? No problem.

我們決定，你們 知道怎樣嗎？沒問題。

We'll just make our own movie.

我們就自己拍電影。

And I'll write and then I'll write it about two complex female characters.

我來當編劇， 我會寫兩個複雜的女性角色。

So we do.

所以我們做了。

We set out to make this movie,

我們開始做這部電影，

and sort of accidentally, we end up hiring an all-female production team:

有點意外地，我們最後僱用的 製作團隊全是女性：

the writer, directors, producers,

編劇、導演、製片都是，

and it's a film about two women.

而電影內容與兩個女人有關。

And so pretty soon, we're sitting in the office

很快，我們就坐在一個成功的

of a successful male producer,

男性製片的辦公室裡，

and he goes, "OK, girls.

他說：「好，女孩們。

So, you do understand that at some point you are going to have to hire

你們應該了解，在某個時點， 你們得要僱用

a male producer onboard, right?

一個男性製片，對吧？

Just so that people will trust you with their money."

這樣人們能會放心把錢給你們。」

Over and over again, people tell us,

一而再，再而三，人們告訴我們：

"Yeah, but people don't really want to see films about women,

「好，但人們並不想要看 關於兩個女人的電影，

so maybe you should think about making something else.

也許你們應該要想想拍別的電影。

It's just the way it is."

現實就是如此。」

So we make the movie, anyway.

但我們還是拍了那部電影。

We scrape together 80,000 dollars,

我們勉強湊到 8 萬美元，

and we make it, and it does so well.

我們拍了電影，結果非常好。

It gets into tons of festivals and we win a lot of awards

它入選了一堆影展， 我們贏得了好多獎，

and it's big and exciting.

它很受歡迎、讓人興奮。

But these experiences I've had just keep rubbing at me.

但這些經歷一直讓我不舒服。

And so, I just start talking about them,

所以，我開始談這些經歷，

first, at Q and A's after screenings of the film,

首先是在電影試片之後的問答時間，

and then I get invited to be on panels and talk at conferences.

接著，我被邀請去當審查員， 並在會議上演說。

And the really amazing thing is that, to begin with,

而很驚人的首先是

when I'm just talking to audiences

當我在和觀眾

and other people, you know, coming up in the film industry,

以及其他電影產業人對話時，

the universal reaction is,

所有人的反應都是：

"Oh my god! This is terrible. What do we do about this?"

「喔，天，這太糟糕了。 我們要怎麼做？」

But the bigger panels I get on,

但我進入的審查小組越大，

suddenly an Oscar nominee tells me,

突然，有位被奧斯卡 提名過的人告訴我：

"Look, I totally agree with everything you're saying.

「聽著，我完全同意你說的。

You just need to be really careful about where you say it."

你得要很注意 在什麼場合說這些話。」

An Oscar-winning producer tells me

一位奧斯卡金獎製片告訴我，

that she doesn't think it's a good idea to play the woman card.

她認為打女性牌並不是個好主意。

It's just the way it is.

現實就是如此。

And I think this is how sexism continues on in 2016, right?

我想這就是性別歧視如何 在 2016 年繼續延續下去的，對嗎？

For the most part, it happens casually --

通常它在不經意間發生了——

unconsciously, even.

甚至是無意識地發生的。

It happens because people are just trying to get along

它之所以會發生是因為

within an existing system.

人們只想和既有的體制和平相處。

It happens, maybe, out of a genuine desire

也許，它發生的真正原因

to teach a young woman the way that the world "just is."

是想要教導年輕女性 世界的現實「就是如此」。

The problem is that unless we do something about it,

問題是，除非我們為此做點什麼，

that is the way the world will always be.

不然世界將永遠都會是如此的。

So why should you care about this?

所以，你們為何要在乎這事？

Right?

對嗎？

I mean, we're facing some rather significant problems in the world

我們目前在面臨世界上的一些

just at present,

更重大的問題，

what does it really matter if I can't get a job,

如果我無法找到工作，或是你已經

or you're stuck watching "Transformer 17," right?

看膩了《變形金剛 17》，又如何？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Well, let me put it to you this way:

讓我為各位用這種方式說明：

the year "Jaws" came out,

《大白鯊》推出的那年，

Americans suddenly started listing "sharks" among their top 10 major fears.

美國人突然開始把鯊魚列入 他們的前十大恐懼當中。

In 1995, BMW paid the James Bond franchise three million dollars

在 1995 年，寶馬（BMW）付給 詹姆士龐德系列電影三百萬美元，

to have James Bond switch from driving an Aston Martin

讓詹姆士龐德不要 再開奧斯頓馬丁的車，

to a BMW Z3.

改開 BMW Z3。

That one move caused so many people to go out and buy that car,

這一步棋，讓很多人去買了這台車，

that BMW made 240 million dollars in pre-sales alone.

BMW 光在預售就賺了 兩億四千萬美元。

The year that "Brave" and "Hunger Games" came out,

《勇敢傳說》 和《飢餓遊戲》推出的那年，

female participation in archery went up 105 percent.

女性參與射箭的比率提高 105%。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

In fact, studies show

事實上，研究顯示，

that the movies you watch don't just affect your hobbies,

你所看的電影不只會影響你的興趣，

they affect your career choices, your emotions, your sense of identity,

還會影響你的職涯選擇、 你的情緒、你的身份認同感、

your relationships, your mental health -- even your marital status.

你的關係、你的心理健康， 甚至你的婚姻狀況。

So now, consider this:

所以，想想這點：

if you have watched mostly American movies in your lifetime,

如果你一生幾乎都是在看美國電影，

95 percent of all the films you have ever seen

你所看過的電影中有 95%

were directed by men.

是由男導演執導的。

Somewhere between 80 and 90 percent of all of the leading characters

而你所看過的主要角色中，

that you have ever seen

有 80% ~ 90%

were men.

是男性。

And even if we just talk about the last five years,

即使我們只談最近五年的電影，

55 percent of the time that you have seen a woman in a movie,

當你在電影中看到女性， 有 55% 的可能性

she was naked or scantily clad.

她是裸體的或是穿得非常暴露。

That affects you.

那會影響你。

That affects all of us.

那會影響我們所有人。

We actually can't even imagine how much it affects us,

我們其實無法想像 它對我們的影響有多大，

because this is all we've ever had.

因為我們看到的向來就是這樣。

Stories -- and movies are just modern stories --

故事——電影也只是現代的故事——

are not frivolous.

不是輕佻的。

They're actually the mechanism through which we process

它們其實是一種機制， 我們透過這機制

our experience of being alive.

來處理我們活著的經驗。

They're the way that we understand the world

它們是一種讓我們了解世界的方式，

and our place in it.

了解我們世界中的位置。

They're the way we develop empathy

它們是我們發展出同理心的方式，

for people who have experiences different than our own.

讓我們能去同情 和我們有不同經歷的人。

And right now, all of that is being funneled at us

而現在上述的這一切

through the prism of this one perspective.

都是透過單一觀點的棱鏡 過濾之後才呈現給我們。

It's not that it's a bad perspective,

並不是說這觀點不好，

but don't we deserve to hear them all?

但我們難道不能聽見所有觀點嗎？

How would the world be different if all of the stories were told?

如果所有的故事都能被訴說， 世界會有多麼不同？

So what do we do about this?

對此，我們能做些什麼？

This may be the first time a lot of you are hearing about this,

在座可能有很多人初次聽到這件事，

but a lot of us within the film industry have spent years --

但在電影產業中有很多人， 已經花了數年時間——

a lot of people, a lot longer than I have --

很多人，花了比我更多的時間——

giving speeches and doing panels and writing articles

演講、審查、寫文章、

and doing studies,

做研究，

and really just yelling at Hollywood to do a better job about this.

可說就是對著好萊塢大聲疾呼 要把這件事處理得更好些。

I mean, we have really yelled at them.

我們都真的對他們大聲疾呼過。

And yet, Paramount and Fox recently released their slates,

然而，派拉蒙和福斯最近 發佈了它們的預定片單，

and of the 47 films that they will release between now and 2018,

從現在到 2018 年之間， 它們要推出的 47 部電影當中，

not a single one will be directed by a woman.

沒有一部是由女導演執導的。

So it is beginning to occur to me

所以，這讓我想到，

that waiting for Hollywood to grow a conscience

等待好萊塢發展出良心來

may not actually be a winning strategy.

其實可能不是很有用的策略。

In fact, it seems to me

事實上，我覺得

that whenever there is a small, ruling class of people

不論何時，只要有 一小群有支配權的人，

who have all of the money and power and resources,

當他們掌握所有的 金錢、權力、資源時，

they're not actually that excited about giving it up.

他們其實不太會想要放棄那些。

And so you don't get change by asking them

所以若想要得到改變， 不能只是請求他們，

or even yelling at them.

或甚至對他們大聲疾呼。

You have to make that change happen

你得要讓改變發生，

through a revolution.

透過革命來實現。

Now, please don't worry -- I promise you, here, now, today,

請別擔心——我現在在這裡保證，

our body count will be very low.

我們不會死很多人。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So, now before I get to my four-point plan for the revolution --

所以，在我談我為革命 所做的四要點計畫之前——

yes, I have a four-point plan --

是的，我有個四要點計畫——

I have two pieces of very good and important news for you.

我有兩個非常好的 重要消息要告訴你們。

Good news number one:

好消息一：

there are female filmmakers.

電影製作人有女的。

(Cheers and applause)

（歡呼與掌聲）

Yes! I know!

是啊！我知道！

(Applause)

（掌聲）

We exist!

我們存在！

We actually graduate from film schools

其實，從電影學校畢業的女性，

at the same rate that men do -- 50 percent.

比例和男性是一樣的，50%。

So here we have our 50 women.

這裡，我們有 50 個女性。

The problem is that as soon as you get to the micro-budget film,

問題是，到了要拍 微型預算的電影時，

so even the very smallest films,

甚至最低成本的電影，

we're already only directing 18 percent.

就只剩 18% 的女性導演了。

Then you get to slightly bigger films,

如果去拍大一點的電影，

indies in the $1-5 million budget range,

預算在 100 到 500 百萬 美金之間的獨立製片，

and we go down to 12 percent.

女導演比例降至 12%。

So by the time you get to the studio system,

到了電影製片廠體系的時候，

we're only directing five percent of movies.

只剩 5% 的電影導演是女性了。

Now, I know some of you out there will look at this

我知道有些人會看著這些數據，

and secretly think to yourselves,

自己暗地裡心想：

"Well, maybe women just aren't as good at directing movies."

「也許女性就是不擅長執導電影。」

And that's not a totally insane question.

那並不是個非常荒唐的問題。

I mean, we like to believe the film industry is a meritocracy, right?

我們願意相信電影產業 是精英領導的，對吧？

(Laughs)

（笑）

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But look at this trajectory.

但看看這個軌跡。

Either you have to accept

你可以選擇接受

that women are actually five percent as talented as men,

女性的才華只有男性的 5%，

which I don't,

而我不接受，

or you have to accept that there are serious systemic issues

你也可以選擇接受， 這體系有著嚴重的問題，

preventing us from getting from here to there.

讓我們女性無法從這裡到達那裡。

But the good news is, we exist,

但好消息是，我們存在，

and there is a vast amount of untapped potential over here.

且有非常大量未開發的潛力在這裡。

Good news number two, and this is really good news:

好消息二：這是很好的消息。

films by and about women make more money.

由女性製作 和關於女性的電影比較賺錢。

Yes! Yes! It's true!

好啊！好啊！這是真的！

(Cheers and applause)

（歡呼和掌聲）

It's true.

這是真的。

The Washington Post recently released a study

華盛頓郵報最近釋出的 一項研究顯示，

showing that films that feature women make 23 cents more on every dollar