daughter of Annette,

（掌聲）

daughter of Olympia,

Vanessa Garrison： 我是凡妮莎（以下簡稱VG），

daughter of Melvina,

是安妮特的女兒，

daughter of Katie, born 1878,

奧林匹亞的女兒，

Parish County, Louisiana.

爾薇妠的女兒，

T. Morgan Dixon: And my name is Morgan,

凱蒂的女兒。

daughter of Carol, daughter of Letha, daughter of Willie,

1878 年，凱蒂出生於 路易斯安那州佩里奇郡。

daughter of Sarah, born 1849 in Bardstown, Kentucky.

T. Morgan Dixon：我的名字 叫摩根（以下簡稱 TMD），

VG: And in the tradition of our families,

是卡羅的女兒，麗莎的 女兒，薇立的女兒，

the great oral tradition of almost every black church we know

瑟拉的女兒。瑟拉 1849 年 出生於肯德基州的巴德斯鎮。

honoring the culture from which we draw so much power,

VG：我們要遵循家庭的傳統，

we're gonna start the way our mommas and grandmas would want us to start.

也是幾乎所有非裔教堂 都遵循的偉大口述傳統，

TMD: In prayer. Let the words of my mouth,

來榮耀給我們力量的文化，

the meditation of our hearts, be acceptable in thy sight,

我們要遵循母親和祖母們的 方式，作為今天的開始……

oh Lord, my strength and my redeemer.

TMD：先一同禱告。

VG: We call the names and rituals of our ancestors into this room today

祈求我的話語、 我的默想，蒙您悦納，

because from them we received a powerful blueprint for survival,

上主啊，您是我的救贖和力量。

strategies and tactics for healing carried across oceans by African women,

VG：今天我們召喚祖先的名字， 和先輩的儀式來到這個房間裡，

passed down to generations of black women in America

因為從他們身上我們 接受到有力的生存藍圖，

who used those skills to navigate institutions of slavery

這些由非洲婦女跨洋過海 帶來的療癒策略，

and state-sponsored discrimination

代代傳承給美國的非裔女性，

in order that we might stand on this stage.

她們利用那些技巧走過了奴隸制度，

We walk in the footsteps of those women,

渡過了那些由政府頒布的歧視法案，

our foremothers, legends

為了讓我們今天能站在這個講台上。

like Ella Baker, Septima Clark, Fannie Lou Hamer,

我們追隨那些女士的腳步，

from whom we learned the power of organizing

我們的婦女傳奇前輩，

after she would had single-handedly registered

如艾拉 • 貝克，賽浦隄瑪 • 克拉， 芬妮 • 蘿 • 哈茉，

60,000 voters in Jim Crow Mississippi.

從她們身上我們學到了組織的力量，

TMD: 60,000 is a lot of people, so if you can imagine

芬妮在密西西比州的吉姆 • 克勞 歧視法案下獨自努力，

me and Vanessa inspiring 60,000 women to walk with us last year,

一手登記了六萬個選民。

we were fired up.

TMD：六萬是很多的人數， 所以你可以想像一下，

But today, 100,000 black women and girls stand on this stage with us.

我和凡妮莎去年激勵了六萬個 婦女，跟我們一起步行，

We are committed to healing ourselves,

我們當時充滿了熱情。

to lacing up our sneakers, to walking out of our front door

但是今天有十萬個非裔 婦女跟我們站在一起，

every single day for total healing and transformation in our communities,

我們被賦予療癒自我的承諾，

because we understand

把球鞋的鞋帶綁好，走出家門，

that we are in the footsteps of a civil rights legacy

每天在社區進行全然的療癒和轉型，

like no other time before,

因為我們了解，

and that we are facing a health crisis like never ever before.

我們正走在公民權利運動的傳奇足跡上，

And so we've had a lot of moments, great moments,

這是從未有過的，

including the time we had on our pajamas, we were working on our computer

我們正面臨一個前所未有的健康危機，

and Michelle Obama emailed us and invited us to the White House,

我們有很多的機會可以利用，

and we thought it was spam.

包括當我們穿著睡衣打電腦的時候，

But this moment here is an opportunity.

收到歐巴馬夫人邀請 我們訪問白宮的信，

It is an opportunity that we don't take for granted,

當時我們以為它是垃圾郵件，

and so we thought long and hard about how we would use it.

我們有很多機會，但此刻 能站在這裡真的是一個契機，

Would we talk to the women we hope to inspire,

我們不認為它是一個 理所當然的機會，

a million in the next year,

所以我們努力地思考 如何利用這個機會，

or would we talk to you?

究竟要選擇明年向一百萬個

We decided to talk to you,

我們希望能激勵的婦女演講，

and to talk to you about a question that we get all the time,

或是來此向你們演講？

so that the millions of women who hopefully will watch this

我們決定在這裡跟你們討論，

will never have to answer it again.

談論一個我們總是被問到的問題，

It is: Why are black women dying

希望這樣數以百萬計的 婦女會看到這個演講，

faster and at higher rates

於是便不必再去回答同樣的問題。

than any other group of people in America

那問題就是：「為什麼黑人婦女

from preventable, obesity-related diseases?

因可預防的與肥胖有關的疾病

The question hurts me.

死亡的速度和比例

I'm shaking a little bit.

高於美國其他的族群？」

It feels value-laden.

這個問題讓我心痛。

It hurts my body because the weight represents so much.

我有些顫慄，

But we're going to talk about it

它讓我感到沉重，

and invite you into an inside conversation today

這問題壓在我身上讓我深感痛楚。

because it is necessary, and because we need you.

但是我們還是要面對它，

VG: Each night, before the first day of school,

並邀請各位今天一起深入討論，

my grandmother would sit me next to the stove

因為這是必須的， 而且因為我們需要你們。

and with expert precision use a hot comb to press my hair.

VG：在每一個開學日的前個晚上，

My grandmother was legendary, big, loud.

祖母會讓我坐在爐灶旁邊，

She filled up a room with laughter and oftentimes curse words.

很專業地使用熱梳子梳理我的頭髮，

She cooked a mean peach cobbler,

我祖母嗓音高，個兒大 且富有傳奇性，

had 11 children, a house full of grandchildren,

房內間充滿了她的笑聲， 時而帶點咒罵聲。

and like every black woman I know,

她烤的桃子餡餅特別好吃。

like most all women I know,

她有十一個小孩，孫子滿堂，

she had prioritized the care of others over caring for herself.

就像每位我認識的非裔婦女一樣，

We measured her strength by her capacity to endure pain and suffering.

也像大多數我認識的婦女，

We celebrated her for it, and our choice would prove to be deadly.

她都先照顧好其他人，才顧到自己。

One night after pressing my hair before the first day of eighth grade,

我們以她忍受痛苦的能耐， 來衡量她的能力，

my grandmother went to bed and never woke up,

我們讚揚她有此能耐， 但事實證明這種想法是致命的。

dead at 66 years old from a heart attack.

在我升上八年級的前一天晚上， 梳理完我頭髮後，

By the time I would graduate college,

我祖母上床以後就沒再醒過來，

I would lose two more beloved family members to chronic disease:

因為心臟病死於 66 歲的年紀。

my aunt Diane, dead at 55, my aunt Tricia, dead at 63.

到我大學畢業，

After living with these losses, the hole that they left,

我又有另外兩位家人 因慢性病而離開我們：

I decided to calculate the life expectancy of the women in my family.

我的阿姨戴安娜死於 55 歲， 另一位阿姨特莉西亞死於 63 歲。

Staring back at me, the number 65.

歷經喪失她們所留下的空虛後，

I knew I could not sit by

我決定去評估我家族中 婦女的預期壽命。

and watch another woman I loved die an early death.

面對 65 歲這個預期壽命，

TMD: So we don't usually put our business in the streets.

我知道我不可以再坐視

Let's just put that out there.

任一個我愛的女人過早死亡。

But I have to tell you the statistics.

TMD：我要聲明，

Black women are dying at alarming rates,

通常我們不會讓家事外揚。

and I used to be a classroom teacher,

但是我必須告訴你們統計數字。

and I was at South Atlanta High School,

非裔婦女正以驚人的速度死亡中，

and I remember standing in front of my classroom,

過去我是位老師，

and I remember a statistic that half of black girls will get diabetes

在南亞特蘭大高中教書，

unless diet and levels of activity change.

我記得曾經站在教室前，

Half of the girls in my classroom. So I couldn't teach anymore.

想起根據統計，除非他們 改變飲食和運動習慣，

So I started taking girls hiking, which is why we're called GirlTrek,

有一半非裔女生將會得到糖尿病。

but Vanessa was like,

這是我班上一半的女生。 所以我再也無法繼續教下去。

that is not going to move the dial on the health crisis; it's cute.

所以我開始帶著女生們徒步旅行， 我們把它稱為「女孩健行」。

She was like, it's a cute hiking club.

可是凡妮莎覺得：這很可愛，

So what we thought

但對整個健康危機是九牛一毛。

is if we could rally a million of their mothers ...

她覺得這是一個可愛的健行俱樂部。

82 percent of black women are over a healthy weight right now.

所以我們當時在想：

53 percent of us are obese.

假如可以動員百萬個母親的話……

But the number that I cannot,

眼前有 82% 黑人婦女 體重超出健康標準。

that I cannot get out of my head

我們之中 53% 屬過度肥胖。

is that every single day in America,

但是其中讓我無法忘掉的數據，

137 black women

我腦袋忘不掉的數字是：

die from a preventable disease,

在美國，每一天

heart disease.

有 137 位黑人婦女，

That's every 11 minutes.

死於原本可以預防的

137 is more than gun violence,

心血管疾病。

cigarette smoking and HIV combined,

那就是每 11 分鐘死掉 1 人，

every day.

137 人的數字比死於槍支暴力、

It is roughly the amount of people

抽煙和艾滋病，

that were on my plane from New Jersey to Vancouver.

每天的總數還來得多。

Can you imagine that?

這個數目大約等於我搭乘的

A plane filled with black women crashing to the ground every day,

紐澤西飛往溫哥華班機上的人數。

and no one is talking about it.

你能想像得到嗎？

VG: So the question that you're all asking yourselves right now is why?

就像每天有一架載滿 黑人婦女的飛機墜落一樣，

Why are black women dying? We asked ourselves that same question.

但沒有人去討論這件事。

Why is what's out there not working for them?

VG：在座各位正在問自己： 「為什麼？為什麼黑人婦女死亡？」

Private weight loss companies, government interventions,

我們也這樣自問。

public health campaigns.

為什麼現有的方法沒有效果？

I'm going to tell you why:

私人減肥公司、政府的干預措施、

because they focus on weight loss

公共衛生活動。

or looking good in skinny jeans

我來告訴你為什麼：

without acknowledging the trauma

因為他們只專注於減肥，

that black women hold in our bellies and bones,

或是穿緊身牛仔褲好不好看，

that has been embedded in our very DNA.

卻忽略掉黑人婦女肚皮和 骨頭中飽含的創傷，

The best advice from hospitals and doctors,

那種深植入我們的遺傳因子的傷害。

the best medications from pharmaceutical companies

來自醫院和醫師的最好的意見，

to treat the congestive heart failure of my grandmother didn't work

製藥公司最好的藥品，

because they didn't acknowledge the systemic racism

那些用來治療我祖母的 充血性心臟衰竭通通都無效，

that she had dealt with since birth.

因為他們忽視了系統性 種族歧視的問題，

(Applause)

那種自從我祖母出生以來， 就必須面對的歧視。

A divestment in schools, discriminatory housing practices,

（掌聲）

predatory lending, a crack cocaine epidemic,

那種學校經費被刪、 住房歧視性的做法、

mass incarceration putting more black bodies behind bars

掠奪性貸款、快克古柯鹼氾濫、

than were owned at the height of slavery.

因「大規模監禁」大量坐牢的黑人，

But GirlTrek does.

比被抓去當奴隸的 高峰時期總人數還多。

For black women whose bodies are buckling under the weight

但是「女生健行」有效。

of systems never designed to support them,

對那些被不支持他們的系統重荷

GirlTrek is a lifeline.

壓垮的黑人婦女而言，

August 16, 2015, Danita Kimball, a member of GirlTrek in Detroit,

「女生健行」就像是條生命線。

received the news that too many black mothers have received.

2015 年 8 月 16 日，

Her son Norman, 23 years old, a father of two,

底特律女生跋涉之旅 會員之一的達尼塔 • 金波爾

was gunned down while on an afternoon drive.

如同許多其他黑人母親 一樣，得知一個消息，

Imagine the grief

他 23 歲的兒子諾姆， 一個有兩個孩子的父親，

that overcomes your body in that moment,

某天下午正在開車的時候， 遭受槍擊而死亡，

the immobilizing fear.

想像一下那種悲傷，

Now, know this, that just days after laying her son to rest,

那一刻被打擊的當下，

Danita Kimball posted online,

那種令人難以動彈的悲痛。

"I don't know what to do or how to move forward,

等她處理好兒子的喪事以後，

but my sisters keep telling me I need to walk, so I will."

達尼塔 • 金波爾在網路上貼文：

And then just days after that,

「我不知道要怎麼辦， 或是如何往前走下去，

"I got my steps in today for my baby Norm.

但是我的姐妹們不斷地鼓勵我 要繼續走，所以我會的。」

It felt good to be out there, to walk."

幾天後她又說：

TMD: Walking through pain is what we have always done.

「我今天為了我的寶貝諾姆而走。

My mom, she's in the middle right there,

在外面走動感覺真的很棒。」

my mom desegregated her high school in 1955.

TMD：在痛苦中行走這種事， 我們經歷過了很多。

Her mom walked down the steps of an abandoned school bus

我母親，站在照片中間那位，

where she raised 11 kids as a sharecropper.

1955 年在她唸中學的時候， 政府取消了種族隔離制度。

And her mom stepped onto Indian territory

她母親從廢棄的校車走下來，

fleeing the terrors of the Jim Crow South.

她是佃農，在巴士裡 扶養 11 個孩子。

And her mom walked her man to the door

而她母親踏上印地安人領土，

as he went off to fight in the Kentucky Colored Regiment,

為了逃離美國南方種族歧視的恐怖。

the Civil War.

然後她母親陪她的男人走到門口，

They were born slaves but they wouldn't die slaves.

送他去肯塔基黑人軍團，

Change-making, it's in my blood.

打南北戰爭。

It's what I do,

雖然他們生為奴隸， 但是他們不願死為奴隸。

and this health crisis ain't nothing compared to the road we have traveled.

我的血液流著必須做改變的因子。

(Applause)

所以我正在做改變，

So it's like James Cleveland.

而這個健康危機，比起我們所 經歷過的路程根本不算什麼。

I don't feel no ways tired, so we got to work.

（掌聲）

We started looking at models of change.

就像詹姆斯 • 克利夫蘭的歌： 「我一點都不覺得累。」

We looked all over the world.

我們一定要行動起來。

We needed something

我們開始研究改變的模式。

not only that was a part of our cultural inheritance like walking,

我們尋遍世界各地。

but something that was scalable, something that was high-impact,

我們需要某種東西，

something that we could replicate across this country.

不只是因為它是我們的 文化遺產，例如步行，

So we studied models like Wangari Maathai, who won the Nobel Peace Prize

而且是那種可以擴展， 具有影響力的的事情，

for inspiring women to plant 50 million trees in Kenya.

那種可以在全國各地複製的東西。

She brought Kenya back from the brink of environmental devastation.

所以我們學習例如 諾貝爾和平奬得主

We studied these systems of change, and we looked at walking scientifically.

旺加里 • 馬塔伊的模式，

And what we learned is that walking just 30 minutes a day

她激勵肯亞的女性， 種植了五十萬棵樹，

can single-handedly decrease 50 percent of your risk of diabetes,

把肯亞從環境崩潰的邊緣拯救回來。

heart disease, stroke, even Alzheimer's and dementia.

我們研究這些做改變的系統， 以科學角度對行走做分析，

We know that walking is the single most powerful thing

我們得知每天只要步行 30 分鐘，

that a woman can do for her health,

單是這樣，就可以 降低 50% 患糖尿病、

so we knew we were on to something,

心臟病、中風、甚至阿茲 海默症和失智症的風險。

because from Harriet Tubman to the women in Montgomery,

我們知道步行是女性能做的最健康、

when black women walk, things change.

效果最好的一的運動。

(Applause)

所以我們知道是對的，

VG: So how did we take this simple idea of walking

從哈莉葉 • 塔布曼（廢奴主義者）， 到走上街頭的蒙哥馬利市的婦女，

and start a revolution that would catch a fire

當黑人婦女走的時候，改變就會來。

in neighborhoods across America?

（掌聲）

We used the best practices of the Civil Rights Movement.

VG：那麼我們是如何 將簡單的步行理念，

We huddled up in church basements.

化為一種革命，

We did grapevine information sharing through beauty salons.

點亮了遍佈美國各處的火花呢？

We empowered and trained mothers to stand on the front lines.

我們仿效民權運動的做法，

We took our message directly to the streets,

我們在教堂地下室集會，

and women responded.

我們像小道消息那樣， 在美容院將訊息散播出去，

Women like LaKeisha in Chattanooga,

訓練母親們讓她們走在第一線，

Chrysantha in Detroit,

我們直接在街上傳播訊息，

Onika in New Orleans,

這些獲得了婦女的回應。

women with difficult names and difficult stories

如在查塔努加市的拉凱薩，

join GirlTrek every day and commit to walking as a practice of self-care.

底特律市的克里山塔，

Once walking, those women get to organizing,

紐奧良市的奧妮卡，

first their families, then their communities,

很多名字難唸而且命運坎坷的婦女，

to walk and talk and solve problems together.

每天參加女孩健行運動，並把 步行視為自我照顧的生活實踐。

They walk and notice the abandoned building.

一旦開始步行， 那些婦女也開始組織，

They walk and notice the lack of sidewalks,

起先是他們的家庭， 後來發展到社區，

the lack of green space,

邊走邊談邊解決問題。

and they say, "No more."

他們在散步時注意到 廢棄的建築物。

Women like Susie Paige in Philadelphia,

他們步行時發現缺少人行道、

who after walking daily past an abandoned building in her neighborhood,

缺少綠地等，

decided, "I'm not waiting.

於是她們會說： 「不能再這樣下去了。」

Let me rally my team. Let me grab some supplies.

像費城的蘇西亞 • 沛姬，

Let me do what no one else has done for me and my community."

每天散步經過社區裡廢棄的建築物，

TMD: We know one woman can make a difference,

最後決定：「我不再等了。

because one woman has already changed the world,

讓我集合我的團隊， 讓我拿起一些器具，

and her name is Harriet Tubman.

讓我做從來沒有人為 我和我的社區做的事。」

And trust me, I love Harriet Tubman.

TMD：我們知道一個女人 還是可以改變事情的，

I'm obsessed with her, and I used to be a history teacher.

因為有一個女人早已改變這個世界，

I will not tell you the whole history.

她就是哈莉葉 • 塔布曼。

I will tell you four things.

相信我，我愛哈莉葉 • 塔布曼。

So I used to have an old Saab --

我對她很著迷， 以前我當過歷史老師。

the kind of canvas top that drips on your head when it rains --

我不會把她整個歷史告訴你，

and I drove all the way down to the eastern shore of Maryland,

我只說關於她的四件事情，

and when I stepped on the dirt