is from my metro card

這照片

when I spent a year abroad in Paris in college in the mid-'90s.

是我捷運卡上的照片，

My friend says I look like a French anarchist --

當時是 90 年代中期， 我在巴黎的大學留學一年。

(Laughter)

朋友說我看起來像個 法國無政府主義者──

But this is still what I see

（笑聲）

when I look in the mirror in the morning.

但他仍是早晨攬鏡自照時 我所看見的自己。

Within a month of living in Paris, I'd lost 15 pounds

住在巴黎的頭一個月 我瘦了 15 磅，

and I was in the best shape of my life

是一生中身材最好的時候，

because I was eating fresh food

因為我總是食用新鮮食物，

and I was walking wherever I went.

並且到任何地方都安步當車。

Having grown up in suburban Atlanta,

我在亞特蘭大的郊區長大，

a region built largely by highways and automobiles

當地主要依汽車和公路而建，

and with a reputation as a poster child for sprawl,

是個城市擴張建設的樣板。

Paris fundamentally changed the way I understood

巴黎徹底改變了 我對於周遭建設的認知。

the construction of the world around me,

從此我迷上了基礎設施的角色──

and I got obsessed with the role of infrastructure --

它不僅被用來把人們 從甲地送到乙地，

that it's not just the way to move people from point A to point B,

也不只運輸淨水、污水或能源，

it's not just the way to convey water or sewage or energy,

而是我們經濟的基礎。

but it's the foundation for our economy.

它是我們社交生活和文化的基礎，

It's the foundation for our social life and for our culture,

與我們的生活方式息息相關。

and it really matters to the way that we live.

回到家鄉的那一刻我立即感到沮喪，

When I came home, I was instantly frustrated,

被堵在環城公路的路口上。

stuck in traffic as I crossed the top end of our perimeter highway.

我不僅僅沒移動任何一塊肌肉，

Not only was I not moving a muscle,

而且與身旁成千上萬 匆匆而過的人們沒任何互動；

I had no social interaction

他們和我一樣，直視著前方， 耳中充斥著樂聲。

with the hundreds of thousands of people that were hurtling past me,

我在想，這是不可避免的結果嗎？

like me, with their eyes faced forward and their music blaring.

還是我們能做些改變呢？

I wondered if this was an inevitable outcome,

有沒有可能把亞特蘭大的環境

or could we do something about it.

變成我想居住的那種樣貌呢？

Was it possible to transform this condition in Atlanta

我回到建築和城市設計研究所，

into the kind of place that I wanted to live in?

對基礎設施產生了興趣，

I went back to grad school in architecture and city planning,

在 1999 年想好了論文的題目：

developed this interest in infrastructure,

把環繞市中心的廢舊鐵路

and in 1999 came up with an idea

改建成復甦城市的新基礎建設。

for my thesis project:

當時那只是個想法。

the adaptation of an obsolete loop of old railroad circling downtown

從未想過我們真會實踐它。

as a new infrastructure for urban revitalization.

我任職於一家建築公司，

It was just an idea.

後來和同事談起，

I never thought we would actually build it.

他們很喜愛這個想法。

But I went to work at an architecture firm,

我們開始與更多人分享這想法，

and eventually talked to my coworkers about it,

越來越多的人想瞭解這想法。

and they loved the idea.

在 2001 年夏天，

And as we started talking to more people about it,

我們與凱西 ･ 伍拉德取得聯繫，

more people wanted to hear about it.

不久後，她被選為市議會議長。

In the summer of 2001,

我們就此想法建立了全市的願景：

we connected with Cathy Woolard,

一條 22 英里長，用來運輸、 通行和轉型的「亞特蘭大環線」。

who was soon elected city council president.

在兩年半的期間裡 我每週要開兩三次會，

And we built a citywide vision around this idea:

凱西、她的員工和一些志願者也是。

the Atlanta BeltLine, a 22-mile loop

我們共同啟動了美妙的人們與想法：

of transit and trails and transformation.

包括了原先鼓吹抵制的社區者，

I was doing two and three meetings a week for two and a half years,

如今知道亞特蘭大環線 是他們能夠爭取的，

and so was Cathy and her staff and a handful of volunteers.

見到能從新的城市增長 契機中獲利的建商，

Together, we built this amazing movement of people and ideas.

和數十家非營利性的合作夥伴，

It included community advocates who were used to fighting against things,

他們看到能經由合作共同的願景 而達成部分的自身使命。

but found the Atlanta BeltLine as something that they could fight for;

一般說來，這些人是不會 聚集一堂尋求共同結果的。

developers who saw the opportunity

雖然奇怪，但我們聚在一起，

to take advantage of a lot of new growth in the city;

力量非常的強大。

and dozens of nonprofit partners who saw their mission

亞特蘭大人喜愛這願景，

at least partly accomplished by the shared vision.

勝於他們車窗外看到的景色。

Now, usually these groups of people aren't at the same table

亞特蘭大人實現了這願景，

wanting the same outcome.

若非如此，我們無法建得起來。

But there we were, and it was kind of weird,

從一開始就是多樣化的合作，

but it was really, really powerful.

來自不同領域的人是我們的成員。

The people of Atlanta fell in love with a vision

經濟上的弱勢者也喜愛這計畫。

that was better than what they saw through their car windshields,

他們只怕建好的時候太貴了， 他們負擔不起。

and the people of Atlanta made it happen,

我們都聽說過那樣的事，對吧？

and I guarantee you we would not be building it otherwise.

但是我們承諾 亞特蘭大環線將會不同。

From the beginning, our coalition was diverse.

人們以貢獻想法為己任，

People of all stripes were part of our story.

使它遠超出我們最初的想像，

People on the lower end of the economic spectrum loved it, too.

包括顯著的住房補貼、

They were just afraid they weren't going to be able to be there

新公園、藝術建築、植物園── 表單持續地增長。

when it got built, that they'd be priced out.

我們設立了為實現這些的 必要組織和機構。

And we've all heard that kind of story before, right?

重要的是，必須要實現。

But we promised that the Atlanta BeltLine would be different,

我們目前正處於早期建造的階段，

and people took ownership of the idea,

進展相當不錯。

and they made it better than anything we ever imagined

第一段主線道於 2012 年啟用，

in the beginning,

來自私營部門的投資 已達三十多億美元。

including significant subsidies for housing,

它不僅改變了城市的外貌，

new parks, art, an arboretum -- a list that continues to grow.

也改變了我們對城市的看法，

And we put in place

以及對於居住環境的期待。

the organizations and agencies that were required to make it happen.

大約一個月前，

And importantly, it is.

我要帶孩子上超市，

Now we're in the early stages of implementation, and it's working.

他們很不情願，

The first mainline section of trail was opened in 2012,

因為不想坐車。

and it's already generated over three billion dollars

他們問：「爸爸，若我們必須跟著，

of private-sector investment.

讓我們騎自行車去好嗎？」

But it's not only changing the physical form of the city,

我回答：「當然好啊。

it's changing the way we think about the city,

我們亞特蘭大人 就是騎自行車上超市的。」

and what our expectations are for living there.

（笑聲）

About a month ago,

（掌聲）

I had to take my kids with me to the grocery store

好耶。謝謝。

and they were complaining about it,

他們不知道那有多荒謬，

because they didn't want to get in the car.

而我知道。

They were saying, "Dad, if we have to go,

並且我明白，

can we at least ride our bikes?"

他們對亞特蘭大的期許 是多麼的強而有力。

And I said, "Of course we can.

這樣的轉變與上個世紀的 城市擴張相似，

That's what people in Atlanta do.

當時人們投資於公路和汽車，

We ride our bikes to the grocery store."

徹底的改變了美國人的生活。

(Laughter)

那並非什麼大陰謀。

(Applause)

當然，裡頭是有些陰謀。

Thank you, yeah.

但那是文化的動能。

Now, they don't know how ridiculous that is,

當時在相當長的一段時間裡， 數百萬人做出數百萬個決定，

but I do.

不僅徹底改變了我們造鎮的方式，

And I also understand that their expectations for Atlanta

也改變了我們對於生活的期待。

are really powerful.

這樣的改變是城市擴張的基礎。

This kind of transformation is exactly like sprawl

在當時未被稱為城市擴張，

in the last century,

而稱之為「未來」。

the movement where our investment in highways and automobiles

的確是未來。

fundamentally changed American life.

我們得到高速公路、 大型購物商場和死路。

That wasn't some grand conspiracy.

那是翻天覆地的變化，

There were conspiracies within it, of course.

來自於文化的動能。

But it was a cultural momentum.

因此，不去區隔

It was millions of people making millions of decisions

我們居住地的硬體建築 與其他當時發生的事物

over an extended period of time,

極其重要。

that fundamentally changed not only the way that we build cities,

當時

but it changed our expectations

在二十世紀的後半，

for our lives.

科學治癒了疾病，

These changes were the foundations for urban sprawl.

把人類送上月球，

We didn't call it sprawl at that time.

性別革命突破了原本的障礙，

We called it the future.

民權運動也正開始

And it was.

向實現國家承諾的方向邁進。

And we got all the highways and strip malls and cul-de-sacs we wanted.

電視、娛樂、食物、 旅遊和商務全都在變化著，

It was a radical transformation,

公、私部門共謀

but it was built by a cultural momentum.

給予我們所嚮往的生活。

So it's important to not separate

例如，美國聯邦公路總署 在高速公路出現前並不存在。

the physical construction of the places we live

值得深思啊。

from other things that are happening at that time.

（笑聲）

At that time,

當然，重要的是 今天我們應當理解並認知到

in the second half of the last century,

有些人獲益，

science was curing disease

而其他人則否。

and lifting us to the moon,

那個文化動能並不平等。

and the sexual revolution was breaking down barriers,

或許我們今天對眼前的城市擴張 投以驚訝和厭惡的目光，

and the Civil Rights Movement began its march

納悶是否已萬劫不復。

toward the fulfillment of our nation's promise.

我們是否已深陷不平等的遺害中？

Television, entertainment, food, travel, business -- everything was changing,

是否陷入非樂園的交通地獄中？

and both the public and private sectors were colluding

是否嵌在蔓生和移位的城市，

to give us the lives we wanted.

以及傾頹的環境中呢？

The Federal Highway Administration,

是否陷入了社會孤立，

for example, didn't exist before there were highways.

或兩極化的政治裡呢？

Think about it.

這些是無可避免的永恆結局嗎？

(Laughter)

或者，這些是我們 自決自造的共業呢？

Of course, today it's important to understand and acknowledge

果真如此，

that those benefits accrued to some groups of people

我們能改變現狀嗎？

and not to others.

我在亞特蘭大學到的經驗

It was not an equitable cultural momentum.

並非特例。

But when we look today in wonder and disgust, maybe,

各地有著相似的故事，

at the metropolis sprawl before us,

人們不僅重新活化舊鐵道、

we wonder if we're stuck.

惡化的城市下水道、廢棄的公路，

Are we stuck with the legacy of that inequity?

重塑他們生活中的種種基礎設施。

Are we stuck with this dystopian traffic hellscape?

無論是在紐約這裡

Are we stuck with rampant urban displacement,

或是休斯頓、

with environmental degradation?

邁阿密、

Are we stuck with social isolation

底特律、費城、

or political polarization?

首爾、香港、新加坡、

Are these the inevitable and permanent outcomes?

多倫多和巴黎。

Or are they the result of our collective cultural decisions

世界各地大大小小的城市 都在為自己糾正並重新設計

that we've made for ourselves?

他們的基礎設施；

And if they are,

其中包括了基礎設施的 原始建設範例──

can't we change them?

洛杉磯河。

What I have learned from our experience in Atlanta

類似的振興努力

is not an anomaly.

始於草根運動，

Similar stories are playing out everywhere,

現已發展為文化動能，

where people are reclaiming not only old railroads,

目前正處於轉型為某種 樹立生活基礎設施的早期階段。

but also degraded urban waterways and obsolete roadways,

洛杉磯河這個有著小徑、 公園、垂釣、划船、

reinventing all of the infrastructure

社區振興，

in their lives.

當然還包括了改善水質和防洪。

Whether here in New York

它已提高人們的生活水平。

or in Houston

也改變了我們這些外人 對洛杉磯的認知。

or Miami,

這些遠遠超出了基礎的設施。

Detroit, Philadelphia,

我們正在為自身建立新的生活。

Seoul, Hong Kong, Singapore,

這振興運動包括了 本地食品、城市農業、

Toronto and Paris,

啤酒工藝、製造商動態、

cities big and small all over the world are reclaiming and reinventing

科技與設計等等，

this infrastructure for themselves,

全都指示著我們正在徹底改變 建設城市的方式。

including the mother of all catalyst infrastructure projects,

我們正把這樣的地方

the Los Angeles River,

轉變為這樣，

the revitalization effort for which similarly started

不久後將成為這樣。

as a grassroots movement,

這令人興奮，很不錯。

has developed into a cultural momentum,

我們正把世界變好。

and is now in the early stages of being transformed

恭喜我們做得好！

into some kind of life-affirming infrastructure again,

我衷心認為太棒了。

this one with trails and parks and fishing and boating

但是我們擴張城市的歷史，

and community revitalization,

以及今日我們 從這類觸媒計畫中學到的，

and of course, water quality and flood control.

心知肚明我們必須記得，

It's already improving the lives of people.

這樣的劇變並非人人得益。

It's already changing the way the rest of us think about Los Angeles.

文化動能釋出的市場力道

This is more than just infrastructure.

通常包括看來擋不住、

We're building new lives for ourselves.

避免不了稅金、物價和租金的上揚。

It's a movement that includes local food, urban agriculture,

這很緊迫。

craft beer, the maker movement,

如果在乎，就必須挺身而出，

tech and design -- all of these things, early indicators of a really radical shift

大聲疾呼。

in the way we build cities.

應該號召行動，

We're taking places like this

因為不改善社區並非選項。

and transforming them into this.

不建造公園、運輸系統和雜貨店 並不是解決之道。

And soon this.

不能讓社區繼續沒落下去，

And this is all exciting and good.

只為了使它仍然平價、負擔得起。

We're changing the world for the better.

但我們接下來必須面對 並解決現實的財務問題。

Good for us!

很難，它不會自行轉好。

And it is awesome -- I mean that.

我們做得到。

But our history of sprawl,

我承諾要在亞特蘭大做到，

and from what we can already see with these catalyst projects today,

為支持此計畫的人們挺身而出。

we know and must remember

沒有他們，就稱不上成功。

that big changes like this don't usually benefit everyone.

我當然不以為那樣算成功，

The market forces unleashed by this cultural momentum

因為這些年來我所許諾的對象 可不是抽象的人。

often include the seemingly unstoppable

他們是我的朋友和鄰居。

and inevitable cycle of rising taxes, prices and rents.

我愛他們。

This is urgent.

儘管一開始只是篇研究生論文，

If we care, we have to stand up

過去 16 年來我與幾千人合作，

and speak out.

致力於實現它。

This should be a call to action,

我明白與相信，

because the answer can't be to not improve communities.

為誰而做這環線 與為何而做同等的重要。

The answer can't be to not build parks and transit and grocery stores.

不只是亞特蘭大，

The answer can't be to hold communities down

而是各地以及全球，

just to keep them affordable.

我們必須瞭解，

But we do have to follow through and address the financial realities

為那些生活被我們改變的人負責。

that we're facing.

因為是我們的，

This is hard, and it won't happen on its own.

我們討論的正是我們的生活。

We can do it, and I'm committed to this goal in Atlanta,

並非註定變差，

to sticking up again for people who made it possible in the first place.

我們的居住環境變差並非無可避免。

We can't call it a success without them.

若我們希望有所不同， 就必須大聲說出來。

I certainly can't,

必須確保依據我們的條件而改變。

because the people I made commitments to all those years

為了做得到，

weren't abstract populations.

我們必須積極參與塑造改變的過程。

They're my friends and neighbors.

謝謝。

They're people that I love.

（掌聲）

So even though it started as my graduate thesis

and I'm working hard for 16 years with thousands of people

to help make this thing come to life,

I know and believe that who the BeltLine is being built for

is just as important as whether it's built at all.

Not just in Atlanta,

but locally and globally,

we have to understand

this accountability to the people whose lives we are changing,

because this is us.

We are the lives we're talking about.

These places aren't inevitable.

The places we live aren't inevitable,

and if we want something different, we just need to speak up.

We have to ensure that change comes on our terms.