never spent a night in jail,

從沒在獄中待過一夜

never had a loved one thrown into the back of a squad car

從沒有過，我愛的人被扔進警車後座

or behind bars,

或坐牢

or be at the mercy of a scary, confusing system

或任這可怕又混亂的體制宰割

that at best sees them with indifference,

這個體制最好的情況是對囚犯冷漠

and at worst as monstrous.

最壞的話就視囚犯為怪物

The United States of America locks up more people than any other nation

美國監禁的人數多過地球上的

on the planet,

其他國家

and Louisiana is our biggest incarcerator.

Louisiana 是最主要的監禁者

Most of you are probably like me --

你們大概和我一樣

lucky.

幸運

The closest we get to crime and punishment is likely what we see on TV.

我們頂多在電視上看看犯罪與刑罰

While making "Unprisoned,"

當我在進行「Unprisoned」時

I met a woman who used to be like us --

我見到一個過去像我們這樣的女人

Sheila Phipps.

Sheila Phipps

(Recording) Sheila Phipps: Before my son went to jail,

(語音) Sheila Phipps：我兒子入獄前

I used to see people be on television,

我常看電視上的人

fighting, saying, "Oh, this person didn't do it and this person is innocent."

爭論著說「噢！這個人什麼都沒做，他是清白的。」

And you know, you snub them or you dismiss them,

你懂的，你會對他們嗤之以鼻或是置之不理

and like, "Yeah, whatever."

就像：「喔，管他呢。」

Don't get me wrong,

別誤解我的意思

there's a lot of people who deserve to be in prison.

有很多人應該坐牢

There's a lot of criminals out here.

很多犯人逍遙法外

But there are a lot of innocent people that's in jail.

但也有很多無辜之人身陷獄中

EA: Sheila's son, McKinley, is one of those innocent people.

EA：Sheila 的兒子是其中之一

He served 17 years of a 30-year sentence on a manslaughter charge.

他因過失殺人罪被判 30 年徒刑並服刑了 17 年

He had no previous convictions,

他無前科

there was no forensic evidence in the case.

該案無法院可採的證據

He was convicted solely on the basis of eyewitness testimony,

基於目擊證詞他就被判刑

and decades of research have shown

且數十年研究指出

that eyewitness testimony isn't as reliable

目擊證詞並非如我們想像的

as we once believed it to be.

如此可信

Scientists say that memory isn't precise.

科學家說了記憶並不精確

It's less like playing back a video,

不像是重播影片

and more like putting together a puzzle.

更像是湊齊拼圖

Since 1989, when DNA testing was first used to free innocent people,

自 1989 起， DNA 檢測首度被用於釋放無辜之人

over 70 percent of overturned convictions were based on eyewitness testimony.

基於目擊證詞的判決超過七成翻案

Last year,

去年

the district attorney whose office prosecuted McKinley's case

起訴 McKinley 的地區檢察官

was convicted of unrelated corruption charges.

因不相關的貪污指控被判刑

When this district attorney of 30 years stepped down,

當這名地區檢察官結束 30 年生涯下台後

the eyewitnesses from McKinley's case came forward

McKinley 案的目擊證人站了出來

and said that they had been pressured into testifying by the district attorneys,

並聲稱他們被這名地區檢察官施壓去作證

pressure which included the threat of jail time.

手段包括威脅他們入獄

Despite this, McKinley is still in prison.

儘管如此， McKinley 仍在獄中

(Recording) SP: Before this happened,

(語音) SP：事發前

I never would've thought it.

我想都沒想過

And well, I guess it's hard for me to imagine

對，我認為自己難以想像

that these things is going on, you know,

這些事的發展，你知道的

until this happened to my son.

直到發生在我兒子身上

It really opened my eyes.

令我大開眼界

It really, really opened my eyes.

真的令我大開眼界

I ain't gonna lie to you.

我沒騙你

EA: Estimates of how many innocent people are locked up

EA：估計無辜被關起來的人

range between one and four percent,

占全部的百分之一到四

which maybe doesn't sound like a lot,

聽起來好像不多

except that it amounts to around 87,000 people:

但合計起來約有 87,000 人

mothers, fathers, sons locked up,

母親、父親、孩子被囚禁

often for decades,

通常以數十年計

for crimes they did not commit.

就為了他們不曾犯過的錯

And that's not even counting the roughly half a million people

這甚至還未計入將近五十萬

who have been convicted of nothing --

判決尚未定讞的人 —

those presumed innocent,

那些可能是無辜的人

but who are too poor to bail out of jail

但太窮了而無法保釋出獄

and therefore sit behind bars for weeks upon months,

因此被拘禁數週數月

waiting for their case to come to trial --

等待受審

or much more likely,

更有可能

waiting to take a plea just to get out.

等待抗辯以求離開

All of those people have family on the outside.

他們在外都有家人

(Recording) Kortney Williams: My brother missed my high school graduation

(語音) Kortney Williams： 我哥錯過了我的高中畢業典禮

because the night before,

因為那夜之前

he went to jail.

他已鋃鐺入獄

My brother missed my birthday dinner

我哥錯過了我的生日晚宴

because that day, actually, he went to jail.

因為那天，其實他已鋃鐺入獄

My brother missed his own birthday dinner

我哥錯過了他自己的生日

because he was in the wrong place at the wrong time.

因為他在不對的時間點出現在不對的地方

(Recording) EA: So all these times when he ended up going to jail,

(語音) EA：那他這幾次的入獄

were charges pressed or did he just get taken to jail?

是被起訴還是直接被送進監牢？

KW: The charges would be pressed

KW：起訴會成立

and it would have a bond posted,

且須支付保證金

then the charges will get dropped ...

接下來起訴不成立

because there was no evidence.

因為缺乏證據

EA: I met Kortney Williams when I went to her college classroom

EA：我在到大學課堂上談論「Unprisoned」時

to talk about "Unprisoned."

遇見了 Kortney Williams

She ended up interviewing her aunt, Troylynn Robertson,

他最終訪問了他的阿姨 Troylynn Robertson

for an episode.

作為一集節目

(Recording) KW: With everything that you went through

(語音) KW：隨著你與你的孩子

with your children,

一同經歷的事

what is any advice that you would give me

你會給我什麼忠告

if I had any kids?

若我有孩子的話？

(Recording) Troylynn Roberston: I would tell you when you have them,

(語音) Troylynn Roberston：我會告訴你當你有了他們

you know the first thing that will initially come to mind is love

你知道最先想到的會是愛

and protection,

與保護

but I would tell you,

但我要告訴你

even much with the protection to raise them

甚至灌輸司法制度的知識

with knowledge of the judicial system --

來保護他們 —

you know, we always tell our kids about the boogeyman,

你懂的，我們告訴孩子們有惡巫

the bad people, who to watch out for,

有壞人要小心提防

but we don't teach them how to watch out for the judicial system.

但沒教他們如何去防範司法制度

EA: Because of the way our criminal legal system

EA：因為我們的刑事法律體系

disproportionately targets people of color,

不成比例地著重於有色人種

it's not uncommon for young people like Kortney to know about it.

像是 Kortney 這類年輕人對此見怪不怪

When I started going into high schools to talk to students about "Unprisoned,"

當我走入高中和學生談起「Unprisoned」時

I found that roughly one-third of the young people I spoke with

我發現約有三分之一的年輕聽眾

had a loved one behind bars.

有愛的人入獄

(Recording) Girl: The hardest part is like finding out where he's at,

(語音) 女孩：譬如說最難的是找到他在哪裡

or like, when his court date is.

或什麼時候開庭

Girl: Yeah, he went to jail on my first birthday.

女孩：對，我周歲生日時他入獄了

Girl: My dad works as a guard.

女孩：我爸的工作是警衛

He saw my uncle in jail.

他見了我獄中的叔叔

He's in there for life.

他一輩子都得在那

EA: According to the Annie E. Casey Foundation,

EA：根據 Annie E. Casey 基金會

the number of young people with a father incarcerated rose 500 percent

在 1980 到 2000 年間，父親被監禁的年輕人

between 1980 and 2000.

增加了五倍

Over five million of today's children will see a parent incarcerated

現今有超過五百萬的孩子會在童年的某個時期

at some point in their childhoods.

看到父母被監禁

But this number disproportionately affects African American children.

但這影響數量不成比例地集中於非裔孩童

By the time they reach the age of 14,

在他們 14 歲之前

one in four black children will see their dad go off to prison.

四分之一的黑人孩子會看到父親入獄

That's compared to a rate of one in 30 for white children.

相對的，白人孩童有三十分之一的比率

One key factor determining the future success of both inmates and their children

決定囚犯與孩子未來成功的重要因素

is whether they can maintain ties during the parent's incarceration,

在於他們是否於父母監禁期間維繫關係

but prisoners' phone calls home can cost 20 to 30 times more

然而囚犯的電話費費率比起一般電話費

than regular phone calls,

多出 20 到 30 倍

so many families keep in touch through letters.

所以多數家庭靠書信聯繫

(Recording: Letter being unfolded)

(語音：展開信)

Anissa Christmas: Dear big brother,

Anissa Christmas：親愛的哥哥

I'm making that big 16 this year, LOL.

我今年就有 16 歲了哈哈

Guess I'm not a baby anymore.

我想我不再是個孩子了

You still taking me to prom?

你還會帶我去舞會嗎？

I really miss you.

真想念你

You're the only guy that kept it real with me.

只有你真心待我

I wish you were here so I can vent to you.

希望你在這，那我就可以向你發發牢騷

So much has happened since the last time I seen you.

距離上次見到你又發生許多事

(Voice breaking up) I have some good news.

(聲音顫抖) 我有些好消息

I won first place in the science fair.

我科展得了第一名

I'm a geek.

我是個書呆子

We're going to regionals, can't you believe it?

我們將要比地區賽，你不敢置信吧！

High school is going by super fast.

高中過很快

In less than two years,

剩不到兩年

I hope you'll be able to see me walk across the stage.

我希望你能看到我走上畢業典禮舞台

I thought to write to you because I know it's boring in there.

我寫信給你是因為知道在那裡面很無聊

I want to put a smile on your face.

我想讓你笑

Anissa wrote these letters to her brother

Anissa 寫這些信給哥哥時

when she was a sophomore in high school.

她上高中二年級

She keeps the letters he writes to her tucked into the frame

她將這些信塞進

of her bedroom mirror,

臥室裡鏡子的邊框

and reads them over and over again.

一遍一遍地讀

I'd like to think that there's a good reason

我想， Anissa 的哥哥為什麼會被關

why Anissa's brother is locked up.

自有它的道理在

We all want the wheels of justice to properly turn,

我們全都想要司法不偏不倚地正常運作

but we're coming to understand

但我們後來了解

that the lofty ideals we learned in school look really different

在我國的監牢和法庭中的情況

in our nation's prisons and jails and courtrooms.

和我們在學校裡所學的崇高理想非常不同

(Recording) Danny Engelberg: You walk into that courtroom and you're just --

(語音) Danny Engelberg：你走進法庭，你會想 —

I've been doing this for a quite a while, and it still catches your breath.

我做這個很長一段時間了，但還是喘不過氣

You're like, "There are so many people of color here,"

你會想「這裡有好多有色人種」

and yet I know that the city is not made up of 90 percent African Americans,

然而我知道這座城市並非由 90 % 的非裔美籍人士所組成

so why is it that 90 percent of the people who are in orange

那又為何有 90 % 穿著橙色囚衣的囚犯

are African American?

是非裔美籍人士呢？

(Recording) EA: Public defender Danny Engelberg isn't the only one noticing

(語音) EA：公設辯護人 Danny Engelberg 並非唯一發現到

how many black people are in municipal court --

有多少黑人在地方法院的人—

or in any court.

或任何法院

It's hard to miss.

這很難不去注意

Who's sitting in court waiting to see the judge?

誰在法庭裡等著見法官？

What do they look like?

他們看起來面貌如何？

(Recording) Man: Mostly African-Americans, like me.

(語音) 男人：大多數人非裔美國人如我

Man: It's mostly, I could say, 85 percent black.

男人：大多，我能說，85 % 是黑人

That's all you see in the orange, in the box back there, who locked up.

你所能見的是他們穿著橘色囚衣，在那狹小一隅，被囚禁著

Man: Who's waiting? Mostly black.

男人：是誰在等待？多半是黑人

I mean, there was a couple of white people in there.

我指的是，也有一些白人在裡面

Woman: I think it was about 85 percent African-American

女人：我想有約 85% 非裔美國人

that was sitting there.

被關在那

EA: How does a young black person growing up in America today

EA：現今在美國長大的黑人青年要如何

come to understand justice?

去理解正義？

Another "Unprisoned" story was about a troupe of dancers

另一個「Unprisoned」的故事是關於一群舞者

who choreographed a piece called "Hoods Up,"

編排了一齣名為「Hoods Up」的舞碼

which they performed in front of city council.

在市政委員面前表演

Dawonta White was in the seventh grade for that performance.

Dawonta White 那次表演時是七年級

(Recording) Dawonta White: We was wearing black with hoodies because Trayvon Martin,

(語音) Dawonta White：我們身著黑色衛衣因為 Trayvon Martin

when he was wearing his hoodie, he was killed.

被殺時正穿著他的衛衣

So we looked upon that,

所以我們看到了這個點

and we said we're going to wear hoodies like Trayvon Martin.

我們說好要像 Trayvon Martin 一樣穿著衛衣

(Recording) EA: Who came up with that idea?

(語音) EA： 誰出的主意？

DW: The group. We all agreed on it.

DW：整個團隊。我們都同意

I was a little nervous, but I had stick through it though,

我有些緊張，但我必須堅持

but I felt like it was a good thing so they could notice what we do.

我覺得這是件好事，他們會注意到我們的作為

(Recording) EA: Shraivell Brown was another choreographer and dancer

(語音) EA：Shraivell Brown 是「Hoods Up」的

in "Hoods Up."

另一名編排者和舞者

He says the police criticize people who look like him.

他說警方苛責像他這樣的人

He feels judged based on things other black people may have done.

他覺得這是基於其他黑人以前的所作所為來判斷

How would you want the police to look at you,

你想警方如何看待你

and what would you want them to think?

你希望他們去思索什麼？

SB: That I'm not no threat.

SB：認為我不是威脅

EA: Why would they think you're threatening?

EA：他們為何認為你在威脅？

What did you say, you're 14?

你說你才 14 歲？

SB: Yes, I'm 14, but because he said a lot of black males

SB：是的，我 14 歲但因為他說很多黑人男性

are thugs or gangsters and all that,

是惡棍或幫派份子之類的

but I don't want them thinking that about me.

但我不希望他們這樣看待我

EA: For folks who look like me,

EA：像我這樣的人

the easiest and most comfortable thing to do is to not pay attention --

最簡單且輕鬆的就是不去在意

to assume our criminal legal system is working.

去假設我們的刑事法律系統有效用

But if it's not our responsibility to question those assumptions,

但若去質疑這些假設不是我們的責任

whose responsibility is it?

那是誰的責任？

There's a synagogue here that's taken on learning about mass incarceration,

這裡有個猶太教會被雇來了解大規模監禁

and many congregants have concluded

很多教眾也參與

that because mass incarceration throws so many lives into chaos,

因為大規模監禁使太多生命陷入混亂

it actually creates more crime --

它其實製造了更多的罪

makes people less safe.

讓人們缺乏安全

Congregant Teri Hunter says

教徒 Teri Hunter 說

the first step towards action has to be understanding.

行動的第一步是理解

She says it's crucial for all of us to understand our connection to this issue

她說讓我們全都理解這個議題與彼此之間的關聯至關重要

even if it's not immediately obvious.

即使不是立即又顯而易見

(Recording) Teri Hunter: It's on our shoulders

(語音) Teri Hunter：我們肩負責任

to make sure that we're not just closing that door

去確認我們不是自掃門前雪

and saying, "Well, it's not us."

並說：「那與我無關」

And I think as Jews, you know, we've lived that history:

而我覺得身為一名猶太人，你知道，我們曾經歷過那樣的歷史

"It's not us."

「那與我無關」

And so if a society closes their back on one section,

所以一個社會若漠視了一部份的人

we've seen what happens.

我們已經看到後果

And so it is our responsibility as Jews

所以這是我們的責任，身為猶太人

and as members of this community

身為這個群體的一份子

to educate our community --

去教育我們的社群 --

at least our congregation --

至少我們的教眾

to the extent that we're able.

竭盡所能

EA: I've been using the pronouns "us" and "we"

EA：我用了代名詞「我們」

because this is our criminal legal system

因為這關乎我們刑事法律系統

and our children.

和我們的孩子

We elect the district attorneys,

我們選出地區檢察官、

the judges and the legislators who operate these systems

法官和議員去運作這個體系

for we the people.

是為了我們的人民

As a society,

作為一個社會

we are more willing to risk locking up innocent people