English Wednesday lesson. Today I need to go to the store. Or I have to go to the

Confident English 週三的課程。Today I need to go to the store. 或 I have to go to the

store. I must go to the store. What do you think? Are all of those sentences the

store. 或是 I must go to the store. 你要用哪一個呢？這三個句子都一樣嗎？

same? Do they mean the same thing with need to, have to, and must? Or are there

這三個句子中 need to, have to, 和 must 的意思都相同嗎？還是它們

some differences in English?

有不同的意思？

If you're not sure, then be sure to watch today's lesson. We'll talk about how

如果你不確定，那麼一定要看今天的課程。 我們將談到

English speakers use these in real life, so that you can use them in the same way.

英語為母語的人士，如何在真實生活中使用這幾個詞彙，以便你也可以比照運用

Let's start by looking at need to because it's a little bit special, it's a

讓我們從 need to 開始，因為它有點特別，它與

little bit different from have to and must. A few examples using need to

have to 和 must 有點不同。 一些使用 need to 的例子

include: I need to get my haircut; it's out of control. Or I need to call my mom

包括了：我必須去理髮，我的頭髮已經亂到不行了。我必須在我母親的生日那天

on her birthday. She really needs to do well on her exam this week. In each of

打祝賀電話給她。她真的必須把這個星期的考試考好。在以上每個

those examples, when we say need to: I need to,

例子中，當我們說 need to: I need to

she needs to, it shows that something is important or it's something that we

she needs to 的時候，就表示某些事很重要，或者這些是我們

should do. And that is the key. It is something that we should do or it's

應該要做的事情。 這是使用 need to 的關鍵。 用於我們應該做的事情

important to us to do. She needs to do well on her exam this week because it's

或者對我們來說很重要的事。她必須把這個星期的考試考好，因為

important for her future. Maybe it's important for her opportunities to go to

這對她的未來至關重要。也許讓她有機會進入

a good university. I need to call my mom on her birthday because it's important

一所好的大學。我必須在我母親的生日那天打祝賀電話給她，因為這對我

to me and yes, I should do it. It's the polite and loving thing to do to call my

很重要，我應該這麼做。 在我母親的生日那天打祝賀電話給她，代表了禮貌

mom on her birthday. Now let's look at have to and must

和愛心。現在，讓我們來看看 have to 和 must

because there are many situations where both can be used and they have a lot of

因為在很多情況下兩者均可使用，並且兩者間有很多相似之處

similarities. So we'll start with how they are similar and we'll also look at

所以我們先從它們的相似之處開始，然後我們也會

some differences. With have to and must we're expressing that something is an

看看不同之處。使用 have to 和 must 的時候， 表示某件事是一種責任義務

obligation, that it's a necessity or responsibility or something that is

這件事是必須要做的，或是一種責任，或是有某種需求

required. It's not just important, it is required. For example, I have to get to my

它不僅重要，也是必須的。例如，我必須 (have to)

meeting on time or I must get to my meeting on time. When we

準時參加會議，或我必須 (must) 準時參加會議。當我們

use those verbs, we're showing that it is an obligation, it is a necessity. Maybe if

使用這些動詞的時候，我們在表達這是一種責任義務，必須這麼做。也許如果

I'm late to my meeting, my boss will be angry, maybe I'll get fired from my job

我開會遲到，我的老闆會生氣，也許我會被炒魷魚

and I don't want to take that risk. It is not only important it is a necessity.

我不想冒這個險。這件事不僅重要，也是必須的

Another example is: you must have a passport to travel abroad or you have to

再舉個例：你必須 (must) 擁有護照才能出國

have a passport to travel abroad. In that situation, it's not only important but it

你必須 (have to) 擁有護照才能出國。在這種情況下，表示它不但重要而且

is a requirement. It's the law. You must or have to have a passport to travel to

是必須的。這是法律規定。你必須有護照才能到

another country. In those examples, must and have to are similar to need to but

另一個國家旅行。在這些例子中，must 和 have to 有著與 need to 相似的意思

they focus more or they have a feeling, a connotation of something that is an

但是卻更著重於，或是有著一種感覺，那就是它有著責任義務的內涵

obligation, it is a necessity. But we can also use must and have to in some other

它是必須的。但是我們也可以使用 must 和 have to 在其他類似的地方

similar ways. For example, both can be used to say that something is likely. For

比方說，兩者皆可用在形容某事發生的可能性

example, maybe one day I go to my office, I walk in and I say oh my gosh it's so

例如，假設某一天我去上班，我走進辦公室然後說，哇，這裡

cold in here! The heater has to be broken or the heater must be broken. In those

好冷啊！暖氣機一定是 (has to be, must be) 壞掉了。在這些

sentences I'm expressing the likelihood or that I think something is likely. It

例句中我表達的是一種可能性，或是我認為有可能的事。

is likely that the heater is broken. We also use must and have to

暖氣機可能壞了。我們也會用 must 和 have to

to show emphasis. Emphasis is when we use stress on a word or a syllable to show

來加強語氣。加強語氣的意思是，將重音用在某一個字或音節上，來強調

its importance, its value. For example, I could say: call me after your exam. I'll

它的重要性、價值。例如，我可以說：你考完試後打電話給我

be really curious to know how it went. Or I could add

我很想知道你考得如何。或者我可以

must or have to to show emphasis. That it's really important to me that you

在句子裡加入 must 或 have to 來強調這件事。「打電話給我」這件事非常重要

call, that I truly am curious. For example, you must call me after your exam. I'm

我真的想知道。例如，你考完試後必須 (must) 打電話給我

going to be really curious to know how it went. Or you have to call me after

我真的很想知道你考得如何。或是，你考完試後必須 (have to) 打電話給我

your exam. And finally both must and have to can be used to show that we really

最後，must 和 have to 兩者均可用來表達我們真正

desire something or we really want something. For example, I can say I must

渴望的東西，或我們真正想要的東西。例如，我可以說，我生日

have pizza on my birthday or I have to have pizza on my birthday. It's not

一定 (must) 要吃披薩，或是，我生日一定 (have to) 要吃披薩。我平常

something I eat very often and I really want it on my birthday; it's something I

很少吃所以過生日時我特別想吃；它是我渴望

desire. It's definitely not a requirement. Well, maybe it's a requirement. But it is

的東西。它當然不是必需品。好吧，就算是必需品吧。但它是

something I desire and when I use must or have to it helps me express that. Now

我渴望的東西，當我用 must 或 have to 的時候有助於將意思表達得更清楚。

that we've talked about how must and have to are very similar, let's look at

既然我們已經討論了 must 和 have to 的相似之處，現在讓我們來

a few differences. Generally speaking, must is more formal which means we don't

看看它們的一些差異。一般而言，must 比較正式，這意味著我們在

use it as often in spoken situations or conversations. Now I did say generally

口語或談話中不會使用的那麼頻繁。我剛才說的

speaking. That means it's true in general. And there are always exceptions. There

generally speaking。意思指在一般的情況下是這樣的。然而任何事都會有例外

are people who have different preferences when they speak, so you will

每個人說話各自有偏愛的詞彙，所以你會

hear it in conversation and other speaking situations, but generally we use

在聊天和其他談話的場合聽到它，但一般來說

have to when we're speaking. And again, generally speaking, I can say that

我們在口語上都會用 have to。再一次，一般而言，我可以說

Americans tend to use have to. So if you're learning American English, you're

美國人較傾向使用 have to。所以，如果你正在學美式英語，你正在

traveling to or living in the United States, then you will be more likely to

旅行或是居住在美國，那麼你在

hear have to in conversations. Now we know that must and have to

日常會話中會較常聽到 have to。現在我們知道 must 和 have to 在使用上

both are used for obligation, necessity, and requirement. But is it

都與責任義務，必要性、和需求有關。但這是

something that your boss said you have to do or is it something that you feel

你的老闆說你必須做的事，還是你自己認為你必須

you must do? Is it a rule at the university that you have to turn off

做的事？在大學裡，你必須在考試的時候

your phone during an exam or must you turn off your phone when you

關掉手機，或者你在上課時必須關掉手機

study because it helps you stay focused? In those questions we're talking about

因為這有助於你的專注力，這些是規定嗎？在這些問題中，我們談到的是

where or who the obligation comes from. Is it something coming from you, your own

責任義務來自於何人或何處。它來自於你

personal obligation or is it an outside authority or rule? A university rule, a

你個人的責任義務，還是來自於外部訂定的規則？比如大學守則

workplace regulation, something your boss said you have to do. Another general rule -

工作場所規定，老闆交辦你必須做的事情。另一個一般規則 -

remember general means most of the time but not all the time - must is often used

記住「一般」是指大部份，但不是全部 - must 的使用經常

for those personal obligations. I must turn off my phone when I study because

和個人的責任義務有關。我讀書時必須關掉手機

it's too distracting. And have to is often used for outside authority or

因為它太讓我分心了。而 have to 經常用於來自外部的規定

rules. For example, you have to turn off your phone during exams because it's a

例如，你必須在考試時關閉手機，因為這是

university rule or regulation. Okay, let's pause for a moment. How are you

大學守則或規定。好了，讓我們暫停一下

doing? This lesson is a big lesson. There's a lot of information to think

你還好吧？這節課份量滿重的。要思考很多訊息

about, a lot of general rules to remember. So let's pause relax for a moment. If you

要記住很多規則。所以我們暫停放鬆一下。如果

need to, pause the video, think a little bit about what we've talked about and

你有需要的話，將影片按暫停，把我們剛才講的回想一下

then we have one final thing to discuss. Okay if you're ready to go, let's go on

然後我們要討論最後的一個問題。如果你準備好了，我們就開始

to the very last part of our video. In all of the examples that we've discussed,

進入影片的最後一部份。在我們討論過的所有例子中

we've focused on positive sentences and in positive sentences need to, have to

我們都把重點放在肯定句上，而肯定句中的 need to, have to

and must are often similar. Must and have to are more similar. But

和 must 的意思大多是相似的。must 和 have to 的意思則更為接近。但

what happens when we use those in a negative sentence? For example, you

如果把它們用在否定句，結果又會是如何呢？例如，你

mustn't smoke in the building. If I say you don't have to smoke in the building,

mustn't 在大樓內吸菸。如果我說，你 don't have to 在大樓內吸菸

are those two sentences the same? Do they have the same meaning? You mustn't smoke

這兩個句子相同嗎？它們的意思一樣嗎？ You mustn't smoke

in the building. You don't have to smoke in the building. No. They definitely do

in the building. You don't have to smoke in the building. 不一樣。它們的意思

not have the same meaning and that can be tricky. In positive sentences they

肯定不一樣，這會讓人容易混淆。在肯定句中

seem very similar but when we use them in a negative form it completely changes

它們的意思差不多，但是用在否定句時，它們的意思就

the meaning. When we use must not, it means that something is prohibited. It is

完全不同了。當我們用 must not, 就表示某事是被禁止的。它會違反

against the rules or against the law. You cannot do it. But if I use have to or

規定或違反法律。你不可以去做。但是如果我把 have to

need to in the negative form, for example I don't have to or she doesn't need to,

或 need to 放在否定句中，例如， I don't have to 或 she doesn't need to,

it means it's your choice. There's no obligation.

意思就是，由你決定。沒有責任義務

There's no rule. It's up to you. So we can definitely say you mustn't smoke in the

不是規定。決定權在你。所以我們一定會說你不可以 (mustn't) 在大樓內吸菸

building. It's prohibited. It's not allowed; it's unacceptable. Or we could

吸菸是被禁止的。它是不被允許的；它是不被接受的。或者我們也可以

also say she mustn't be late again or she'll be fired. She mustn't be late

這麼說，她不可以 (mustn't) 再遲到否則就會被炒魷魚。她不可以 (mustn't) 再遲到

again or she'll be fired. But for have to or need to I could say, I'm so glad I

否則就會被炒魷魚。但是如果用 have to 或 need to，我可以這麼說，我很高興

don't have to get up early on Saturdays or I'm so glad I don't need to get up

我不必 (don't have to) 在星期六早起，或我很高興我不必 (don't need to) 在

early on Saturdays. In those sentences I'm saying that it's my choice. There's

星期六早起。在這些例句中，我說的是我自己的決定。沒有人

no time I have to get up. I can get up early if I

規定我要幾點起床。如果我想早起就早起

want. I can get up late if I want. It's my choice. Okay we are finally done with

我想晚起就晚起。由我決定。好的，我們終於完成了

this lesson and you made it to the end. I'm glad that you did. I know that these

這一課，你堅持到最後。我很高興你完成了這一課。我知道今天學習的內容

can be really challenging so now I want you to get some practice so that it

滿有挑戰性的，所以，現在我希望你能夠做一些練習

becomes easier for you to use these more naturally, in the same ways that native

這樣你就可以更自然地使用它們，就像母語者一樣

speakers often use them. In the online lesson, I have a few challenge questions

在線上學習的課程中，我要挑戰你一些問題

for you where I want you to create your own example sentences. Use your real-life

目的是希望你能造出屬於你自己的例句。依照我在這部影片中談到的一些情況

using these verbs in some of the situations that I've talked about in

將這些動詞運用在你在真實的生活中

this video. So I have four challenge questions for you in the online lesson.

所以我在線上學習課程中，向你提出了四個富有挑戰性的問題

Make sure that you take a look at those and then share your comments, your

請務必觀看，然後將你的意見

thoughts, practice in the comment section at the bottom of the lesson. It's the

想法，和練習分享在課程結尾的意見欄裡

best place to join the discussion and get feedback from me every week. Thank

這是你既可以加入討論，並且每週都會得到我的回應的最好方式

you so much for joining me. I look forward to seeing your answers to my

非常感謝你參加今天的課程。 我期待看到你對我的

challenge questions. And I'll see you next week for your Confident English

挑戰性問題的回答。 我們下週三 Confident English

Wednesday lesson.

課堂上再見。