But, a growing group of people

但是，越來越多的人

seem to believe that they endanger our health, instead of protecting it.

似乎相信它們會造成危害，而不是保護我們的健康。

The Internet is full of stories about allergic reactions,

網路充斥著各種關於過敏反應的故事，

the onset of disabilities,

殘疾的發生，

and even death following vaccination appointments.

甚至接種後死亡。

And, it's true vaccines can have side effects.

不過，疫苗真的可能有副作用。

Let's look at how they work, and how dangerous they really are.

讓我們來看看它們是如何運作的，以及它們到底有多危險。

Your immune system is a complex army of billions of cells.

你的免疫系統是幾十億個細胞複雜的軍隊。

Soldiers,

士兵、

intelligence cells,

情報小組、

and weapons factories.

和武器工廠。

Every day, you're attacked countless times,

每一天，你被攻擊了無數次，

but your immune soldiers alone usually deal with that,

但你的免疫士兵通常都單獨對付，

so you don't even notice.

所以你甚至不會注意到。

If an infection becomes serious though,

如果感染變得嚴重，

our intelligence cells gather intel about the attackers

我們的情報小組會收集有關攻擊者的情報

and activate our weapons factories.

並啟動我們的武器工廠。

You know the weapon: antibodies.

眾人皆知的武器：抗體。

They're like targeted missiles produced specifically to combat the invader.

它們就像專門用於打擊入侵者的目標導彈。

Unfortunately, this process takes several days to complete.

不幸的是，這個過程需要幾天的時間才能完成。

That gives intruders a lot of time to do damage.

這給了入侵者了很多時間造成傷害。

Contrary to popular wisdom,

這是民間流傳的諺語：

what doesn't kill you doesn't make you stronger.

「不殺你的會使你更強壯」

Our bodies really don't want to fight serious wars over and over,

我們的身體真的不想一遍又一遍地打艱苦的戰爭，

so our immune system came up with an ingenious way

所以我們的免疫系統想出了一個巧妙的方法

to get stronger and stronger over time.

隨著時間的推移越來越強壯。

If we fight an enemy that is dangerous enough to trigger our heavy weapons,

如果敵人危險到足以觸發我們的重型武器

our immune system automatically creates memory cells.

我們的免疫系統會自動製造記憶細胞。

Memory cells remain in our body for years, in a deep sleep.

記憶細胞留在​​我們的身體裡沈睡。

They do nothing but remember.

他們除了記憶以外啥都不做。

When an enemy attacks for a second time,

當第二次相同敵人來襲，

the slumbering memory cells awaken,

沈睡的記憶細胞覺醒，

and order coordinated attacks and the production of antibodies.

並命令攻擊和產生抗體。

This is so fast and effective,

記憶細胞，快又有效，

that many infections you beat once will never make you sick again.

你不會再次感染許多你打敗過的病毒。

You might even be immune against them forever.

你甚至可能對他們永遠免疫。

Which is also why little kids are constantly ill;

這也是為什麼小孩子都在不斷生病

they don't have enough memory cells yet.

因為他們還沒有足夠的記憶細胞。

And this beautiful natural mechanism is what we build on when we use vaccines.

這種美麗的自然機制是我們在使用疫苗時所建立的。

How Vaccines Work

疫苗的作用

As great as memory cells are,

與記憶細胞的製造產生有關，

obtaining them through an infection is unpleasant and sometimes dangerous.

通過感染獲得記憶細胞是令人不愉快的，有時是危險的。

Vaccines are a way of tricking our bodies into making memory cells,

疫苗是欺騙我們的身體進入製作記憶細胞的方法，

and becoming immune to a disease.

並成為免疫的疾病。

They pretend to be a dangerous infection.

他們假裝是一個危險的敵人。

One way of doing this is to inject invaders that can't do harm.

這樣做的方法是注入不會造成傷害的入侵者。

For example, by killing them, or by ripping them into pieces.

例如：殺死它們，或將它們撕成碎片。

Our immune systems deal with these kinds of vaccines pretty easily.

我們的免疫系統對付這些敵人很容易。

Sometimes, it's necessary to make our immune system work harder though,

但有時，需要讓我們的免疫系統更加努力，

to produce even more memory cells.

以產生更多記憶細胞。

Live vaccines are the real deal.

活疫苗是真正的賭注。

An enemy that can punch back is a bigger challenge than a dead one.

會攻擊的敵人比死掉的更具挑戰性。

But this also sounds like a sort-of horrible idea.

但這聽起來也像是一種可怕的想法。

What if the germs win?

如果病菌贏了怎麼辦？

To avoid that, we breed a sort-of weak cousin of the real germ in the lab.

為了避免這種情況，我們在實驗室培育了等級比較低的小弟。

Just powerful enough to annoy the immune system, and create enough memory cells.

僅強大到足以激怒免疫系統，並創造足夠的記憶細胞。

Okay, so these are the basic principles of vaccine use.

好了，這些都是疫苗使用的基本原則。

They provoke a natural reaction in our bodies

他們挑起我們的身體自然反應

that makes us become immune against very dangerous diseases.

使我們對非常危險的疾病免疫。

Some, like the flu virus, mutate so often

有些像經常變異的流感病毒

that we need a new vaccine every year,

我們每年都需要接種新疫苗，

but most vaccines protect us for years, or even a lifetime.

但大多數疫苗保護我們多年，甚至終生。

But, there's a catch.

但是，有一個問題。

Like everything in life, vaccines have another side:

就像生活中的一切，疫苗也有另一面：

Side effects.

副作用。

What are they, and what happens if your child develops one?

它們是什麼，如果出現在你的孩子會發生什麼？

The Risks of Vaccines

疫苗的風險

It's complicated to directly compare the side effects of vaccines with the effects of diseases.

直接比較疫苗的副作用與疾病的影響是很複雜的。

For example,

例如，

hundreds of millions of people are vaccinated against measles in the West,

數以億計的人在西方接種麻疹疫苗，

but there were only 83,000 cases in Europe in 2018.

但 2018 年歐洲僅有 83,000 例病例。

So, with numbers that different, even mild side effects can seem scary

因此，與我們無法看到的疾病不良影響相比，

compared to the bad effects of a disease that we don't see as much anymore.

即使是輕微的副作用，但案例一多看起來也很嚇人。

Before the measles vaccine became available in 1963,

麻疹疫苗在 1963 年面世之前，

virtually every single child on Earth contracted measles at some point.

幾乎每個地球上的孩子都會在某個時刻感染麻疹。

An estimated 135 million cases in the 1950s.

估計在 1950 年代有 1.35 億個病例。

Every single year.

每 一 年。

But are measles really that dangerous in the year 2019?

但麻疹真的在 2019 年很危險嗎？

With our advanced healthcare and new technologies,

我們有先進的醫療技術和新技術，

are they worth the risk of vaccine side effects?

接種疫苗是值得的嗎？

Let's do a thought experiment based on real numbers.

讓我們根據實數進行實驗。

Imagine a developed country in a parallel world.

想像一下在一個平行的世界，一個發達國家。

It has good healthcare but people stop vaccinating.

它具有良好的醫療保健，但人們停止接種。

In this scenario, let's say ten million children caught measles.

在這種情況下，假設有一千萬兒童患上了麻疹。

What happens?

怎麼了？

Nine million eight hundred thousand, or 98%, will get a high fever and a very unpleasant rash.

九百八十萬，或 98％，將發高燒和造成嚴重的皮疹。

Up to 800,000 of them, or 8%, will suffer from dangerous diarrhea.

其中多達 80 萬人，或 8％，將患有危險的腹瀉。

700,000, or 7%, will suffer from an ear infection, which can lead to permanent hearing loss.

70 萬或 7％ 將患有耳部感染，這可能導致永久性聽力損失。

600,000 kids, or 6%, will suffer from pneumonia -- the most dangerous effect of measles.

60 萬名兒童或 6％ 患有肺炎 - 這是麻疹最危險的影響。

It, alone, will kill 12,000 children.

僅此一項就會導致 12,000 名兒童死亡。

Up to 10,000 children, or 0.1%, will get encephalitis.

多達一萬 10,000 名兒童，或 0.1％，將得到腦炎。

2,500 kids, or 0.025%, will contract SSPE,

2,500 名兒童，即 0.025 ％，將引發致命、罕見的 SSPE，

a disease where the measles virus lingers in their brain

一種麻疹病毒在大腦中徘徊的疾病

and kills them a few years later.

並在幾年後殺死他們。

Taken together,

總之，

around 2.5 million children will suffer from somewhat serious effects from measles.

大約 250 萬名兒童會患上麻疹，有的會有嚴重的影響。

And, about 20,000 children will be killed by measles.

而且，約 2 萬名兒童將被麻疹殺死。

It doesn't stop here though.

它並不止於此。

The kids who beat measles are left with a severely damaged immune system

感染麻疹的孩子的免疫系統將嚴重受損

that needs a lot of time to regenerate.

需要大量的時間來復原。

Time for other diseases to do further damage.

是時候讓其他疾病做進一步的傷害了。

Aside from that, what's almost guaranteed

除此之外，幾乎可以保證

is that your kids will have a really bad time for about two weeks.

你的孩子將在兩週內度過一段非常糟糕的時間。

Okay, but what about vaccines?

好，那接種疫苗會發生什麼事？

It's only fair to look at these risks, too.

我們也是公正看待這些風險的。

So, let's repeat our thought experiment.

那麼，讓我們重複我們的實驗。

But, this time, we vaccinate ten million children with MMR.

但是，這一次，我們為 1000 萬名兒童接種了德國麻疹疫苗。

What would theoretically happen here?

理論上會發生什麼？

After being vaccinated,

接種疫苗後，

of our 10 million kids, around ten percent get a fever.

我們 1000 萬名孩子中，大約有 10％ 發燒。

500,000, or 5%, will get a mild rash.

50 萬或5％，會出現輕微的皮疹。

Up to 100, or 0.001%,

多達 100 個，或 0.001％，

might have a serious allergic reaction and will have to be treated.

可能有嚴重的過敏反應，必須接受治療。

Up to ten boys, or 0.0001%,

多達十名男孩，或 0.0001％，

might get inflammation of the genitalia.

可能得到生殖器炎症。

And up to ten kids in total, or 0.0001%,

而高達十個孩子，或 0.0001％，

might get the most serious side effect: encephalitis.

可能會得到最嚴重的副作用：腦炎。

So, we vaccinated ten million kids.

因此，我們為一千萬兒童接種了疫苗。

In total, around one hundred and twenty had side effects that were somewhat serious.

總共大約一百二十名兒童得到有點嚴重的副作用。

Thanks to good medical treatment in developed regions, almost all of them will be fine.

由於發達地區的良好醫療，幾乎所有人都可以治癒。

What about autism?

那自閉症呢？

The connection of autism and vaccines stems from one source

自閉症和疫苗的關聯

that has been disproven countless times.

已無數次被證實是假的。

We'll link to further reading and videos in the description.

我們將在說明中列出有關連結。

But, in 2019, it's fair to say that vaccines do not cause autism.

但是在 2019，可以說疫苗並不會導致自閉症。

All right, but what about deaths?

好吧，但死亡怎麼樣？

It's really hard to say if even a single one of our 10 million vaccinated kids would die.

很難說 1000 萬接種疫苗的孩子中的一個人是否會死亡。

We really did look hard and talked to a lot of different experts.

我們確實很努力，並與很多不同的專家交談過。

If we ignore self-reporting,

如果我們忽略自我報告，

we could only come up with a tiny handful of documented cases

只拿出極少數有紀錄的案例

for all the hundreds of millions of children who received the MMR vaccine since 1971.

自1971年以來，所有接種過德國麻疹疫苗的數億兒童都是如此。

Measles are many, many thousands of times more dangerous for your child

對於您的孩子來說，麻疹的危險性要高出數千倍

than even the absolute worst case of vaccine side effects.

甚至是疫苗副作用的更壞。

You have to search for lethal vaccine side effects with a huge magnifying glass

就算大海撈針也難以找到致命的疫苗副作用

and, even then, it's very hard to find confirmed cases.

並且，即使在當時，這是很難找到確診病例。

While, deaths from measles are real and easy to find.

即使在那時，也很難找到確認的病例。

In 2017 alone, 110,000 people died from measles worldwide.

但僅在 2017 年，全世界就有 11 萬人死於麻疹。

Statistically, today, 300 children will die of measles.

據統計，自從本影片開始之後

One since this video started.

就有 300 名兒童死於麻疹。

You can compare vaccines to seatbelts.

您可以將疫苗與安全帶進行比較。

Are there weird freak accidents where someone gets killed by their seatbelt?

是否有人發生被安全帶殺死的怪異事故？

Well, yes.

嗯，有。

But, do you personally think it's safer to not put a seatbelt on your kid?

阿所以你家小孩就不用繫嗎？

Wait a second!

等等！

What if your kid is actually allergic?

如果你的孩子對打針過敏怎麼辦？

What if none of the things we've said applies to your specific situation?

如果我們所說的一切都不適用於您的情況怎麼辦？

In this case, you need to become the greatest vaccination promoter of all.

在這種情況下，您需要成為疫苗接種促進者。

Because if your children can't be vaccinated, only the collective can protect them.

因為如果你的孩子不能接種，只有集體可以保護他們。

This is called herd immunity,

這就是所謂的群體免疫，

and it's the only thing that can protect your unvaccinated child.

它是一個可以保護你的孩子未接種疫苗的唯一的事情。

Herd immunity means that enough people are immune to a disease,

群體免疫力意味著足夠多的人是免疫的疾病，

that it can't spread, and dies before it reaches its victims.

病毒將無法傳播，並在它到達受害者之前消失。

But to accomplish this for measles alone,

但麻疹要做到這一點，

95% of the people around you need to be vaccinated.

你周圍 95％ 的人，需要接種疫苗。

Conclusion

結論

The problem with the debate about vaccines is that it's not fought on a level playing field.

關於疫苗的爭論的問題在於它不是在公平的競爭環境中進行的。

While the pro-vaccine side argues with studies and statistics,

雖然疫苗方面與研究和統計數據有爭議，

the arguments against them are usually a wild mixture of gut feeling,

反對他們的論點通常是亂七八糟的言論、

anecdotes, and misinformation.

軼事、和誤傳。

And feelings are often immune to facts.

往往不受理性控制。

We'll not convince anybody by screaming at them.

我們不會通過尖叫來說服任何人。

But we can't hide from the reality of what anti-vaccine conspiracies do.

但我們無法躲避反疫苗陰謀幹的事。

They kill babies too young to be vaccinated.

他們殺死不能接種疫苗的嬰兒。

They kill healthy children that are just unlucky.

他們殺死了不幸的健康兒童。

They bring serious diseases back from the verge of extinction.

它們使嚴重疾病從瀕臨滅絕的邊緣帶回來。

And, the biggest side effect of vaccines is fewer dead children.

而且，疫苗的最大的副作用是減少兒童死亡。

Vaccines are one of the most powerful tools we have

疫苗是我們擁有的最有力的工具之一

to eradicate the monsters that most of us have already forgotten.

根除我們大多數人都已經忘記了怪物。

Let's not bring the beasts back!

不要把怪物帶回來了！

Vaccines are celebrated for their part in fighting disease.

Vaccines are celebrated for their part in fighting disease.

Vaccines are celebrated for their part in fighting disease.

But, a growing group of people

But, a growing group of people

But, a growing group of people

seem to believe that they endanger our health, instead of protecting it.

seem to believe that they endanger our health, instead of protecting it.

seem to believe that they endanger our health, instead of protecting it.

The Internet is full of stories about allergic reactions,

The Internet is full of stories about allergic reactions,

The Internet is full of stories about allergic reactions,

the onset of disabilities,

the onset of disabilities,

the onset of disabilities,

and even death following vaccination appointments.

and even death following vaccination appointments.

and even death following vaccination appointments.

And, it's true vaccines can have side effects.

And, it's true vaccines can have side effects.

And, it's true vaccines can have side effects.

Let's look at how they work, and how dangerous they really are.

Let's look at how they work, and how dangerous they really are.

Let's look at how they work, and how dangerous they really are.

Your immune system is a complex army of billions of cells.

Your immune system is a complex army of billions of cells.

Your immune system is a complex army of billions of cells.

Soldiers,

Soldiers,

Soldiers,

intelligence cells,

intelligence cells,

intelligence cells,

and weapons factories.

and weapons factories.

and weapons factories.

Every day, you're attacked countless times,

Every day, you're attacked countless times,

Every day, you're attacked countless times,

but your immune soldiers alone usually deal with that,

but your immune soldiers alone usually deal with that,

but your immune soldiers alone usually deal with that,

so you don't even notice.

so you don't even notice.

so you don't even notice.

If an infection becomes serious though,

If an infection becomes serious though,

If an infection becomes serious though,

our intelligence cells gather intel about the attackers

our intelligence cells gather intel about the attackers

our intelligence cells gather intel about the attackers

and activate our weapons factories.

and activate our weapons factories.

and activate our weapons factories.

You know the weapon: antibodies.

You know the weapon: antibodies.

You know the weapon: antibodies.

They're like targeted missiles produced specifically to combat the invader.

They're like targeted missiles produced specifically to combat the invader.

They're like targeted missiles produced specifically to combat the invader.