just before this talk.

獲知一些關於我的壞話，

Maybe he or she who's with you today has heard some rumors about me,

跟你一起來的人聽到和我有關的謠言，

some rumors about me being incompetent,

有些謠言很站不住腳，

being a liar, being a bragger,

例如我會說謊、我是騙子，

that I wear women's underwear.

或是我會穿女性內衣，

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

How much do you think that would affect your image of me right now?

你們覺得現在這些謠言對我的形象會有多少影響？

As a psychotherapist, working with occupational health,

作為一個專精職場健康的精神治療師，

I've met countless employees and leaders,

我認識無數個員工和主管

who are suffering from a toxic and unhealthy working environment.

受苦於不愉快或不健康的工作環境，

They are struggling because they're lacking knowledge,

他們不知道如何改變環境，

how to change the environment.

因此只能苦苦掙扎，

They need outside help.

他們需要外界的幫助，

I've tried to help them and failed, times and times again.

我試著幫助他們但一次又一次的失敗，

I've tried conflict resolutions,

我嘗試過解決衝突、

group discussions, individual interviews,

團體討論、個別諮商、

leadership coaching,

領導力訓練，

failing time and time again to change this unhealthy working environment.

但是不斷失敗，無法改變這不健康的工作環境，

So -

因此，

Ten years ago, I started a little investigation of my own.

十年前我開始自己做個小調查，

I was trying to figure out why it is so hard to change,

想要找出職場環境難以改變的理由，

and I found out that a great number of employees and leaders

後來我發現非常多員工和主管

were talking negatively about their colleagues

會在同事不在場時

when they were not present.

說他們的壞話，

Namely, backbiting.

也就是背後中傷，

So, the definition of backbiting is talking negatively

背後中傷意思是在某個第三者不在場時

about a third person who's not present.

講他們不好的事情，

I have a question for you all.

我有個問題想問大家，

Please raise your hand

麻煩你們之後舉手讓我知道答案，

if you think backbiting takes place at your workplace or place of study.

如果你覺得背後中傷有發生在你工作或上學的地方，

Please raise your hand.

請舉手，

Wow! OK. Thank you very much.

哇，好謝謝你們，

It's not exact, but I think about 90% of you raised your hand.

我不確定有多少，但我覺得有百分之九十的人都舉手了。

In ancient Greece,

從前在古希臘時代，

the great philosopher Socrates met an acquaintance on the street,

偉大的哲學家蘇格拉底在街上遇到一個老朋友，

and the acquaintance said,

老朋友說：

"Hey, Socrates, have you heard the latest news about your friend?"

「嗨蘇格拉底，你有聽到你朋友最近的的事情嗎？」

And Socrates says, "No, but before you tell this news,

蘇格拉底回答：「沒有，但你跟我說之前，

I want you to pass a little test.

我想要你先通過一個測試，

It's called the triple-filter test."

叫做三段檢驗法。」

"The triple-filter test?", he said. "OK."

對方說：「三段檢驗法？好。」

"First question:

第一題：

what you're going to tell me about my friend, is it true?"

你要跟我講的消息是真的嗎？

"Oh, no. I just heard it. I don't know."

噢，不確定，那是我剛才聽到的，

"OK. You can still pass the test.

沒關係，你還是可以繼續測試，

The second question:

第二題

is it anything good you're going to tell me about my friend?"

那件跟我朋友有關的事是好的嗎？

"Oh, no. On the contrary," he said. "Nothing good."

不，正好相反，是不好的事情，

"OK. You may still pass the test.

好的，你還是可以繼續測驗，

The third question:

第三題：

what you're going to tell me, is it useful?"

你要跟我講的事情有任何實用性嗎？

"Oh, no. It's not useful."

不，那不實用，

"OK," Socrates said.

蘇格拉底說：好的，

"First of all, you don't know if it's true.

第一，你不知道那是不是真的，

Second, it's nothing good.

第二，這是不好的事情，

Third of all, it's nothing useful.

第三：沒什麼用途，

Why bother tell me?"

那為什麼還要花時間告訴我？

Do you know who, in our society today, that backbites?

你們知道在當今社會有誰會在背後中傷他人嗎？

Yes. Women.

對，女人，

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

It's women.

是女人。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

It's another major group, as well.

還有另外一個主要群體─

Namely, men.

就是男人，

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And why do we backbite?

那為什麼我們會在背後講其他人壞話？

When I backbite,

當我們講壞話時，

I've got this feeling of elevating myself, while talking other people down.

我們會覺得把他人講得不好，自己的地位就會變高，

In an additional bonus,

另一個我覺得很有意思的額外好處是

I seem interesting because I've got some juicy information that you don't have.

我有一些其他人不知道的吸引人消息，

This is how we, as adults, are bullying each other.

這就是成年人霸凌他人的方法，

I have a second question for you.

我的第二個問題：

Please raise your hand if you want to work in a place

如果你希望在沒有背後中傷的職場環境工作

where there is no backbiting going on.

請舉手，

No gossip.

沒有流言蜚語，

OK. Thank you very much.

好的，謝謝你們

It's interesting, right?

這很有趣對吧？

How to get a permanent end to backbiting?

要怎麼永遠終止背後中傷？

I have done one genius thing in my life.

我之前做過一個很天才的事情，

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

I think this is it.

我覺得這方法就可以。

I call it "Gossip 2016,"

我叫它 2016 八卦，

and this is how you can all apply it in your workplace, if you want to.

如果你們有興趣，接下來我會告訴你如何在職場應用，

First of all, you gather a group.

第一，先組織一個團體，

Perhaps, not as many as you are.

也許不用跟在場的人一樣多，

Second of all, you ask the first question:

第二，你問第一個問題：

"Do you believe backbiting takes place here?",

你覺得背後中傷有在這裡發生嗎？

and they will raise their hand.

然後他們會舉手，

Third, you need to define what backbiting is.

第三，你必須為背後中傷下定義，

Use this triple-filter test. It's good, right?

可以用三段檢驗法，這方法很棒對吧？

Fourth, ask the second question:

第四，問第二個問題：

"Would you like to work in a workplace where there's no backbiting?",

你們想要在一個沒有背後中傷的職場環境工作嗎？

and they will raise their hand.

會有人舉手，

Then, you get a good old-fashioned flipboard,

接著拿個舊式的活動掛圖版，

and you capitalize "Gossip 2016,"

寫上 GOSSIP 2016， 字母都大寫，

and you ask your group if they want to join a project

接著問你的團隊想不想加入

that will last for six months: "No Backbiting Takes Place Here."

持續六個月的任務「職場零壞話」，

And they will sign. This is what obligates them.

讓他們簽名，這會讓他們覺得自己有義務不能講他人壞話，

After they sign it, you [put] this sheet in a glass and frame,

簽名後你把這張紙放在玻璃錶框裡，

you put it on a wall where everybody can see it,

放在牆上讓所有人都能看見，

and every week, for next six months,

接下來的六個月

you ask the group, "How are we doing with Gossip 2016?"

每周你要問參與的成員們挑戰進行得如何，

This may seem simple, maybe naive.

這個方法可能很簡單，也可能很天真，

Too good to be true, right?

不太真實、讓人不敢置信，對吧？

But it works! I know!

可是我知道這個有效！

And I have over -

而且我可以─

I don't have, but it's over 250 CEOs in different companies

我沒辦法自己作證，

that could verify this.

但超過兩百五十間公司的 CEO 可以證實這點，

It works.

這真的有效，

They could also tell you that absenteeism, sick leave, goes down,

他們也會告訴你曠職和病假也因此減少，

and fractionation is minimized,

公司裡的不和降到最低，

and productivity is increasing.

生產力也提高了，

If you take this concept a bit further,

你可以把這個概念延伸─

you all heard about the discussions about how young people and children

常常會聽到人們討論青少年和小孩

are being bullied at school and on social media.

在學校或社群媒體遭受霸凌的議題，

I think that I, as an adult, [have] the responsibility

我覺得我自己作為成人，

to be a good role model.

有責任當一個好榜樣，

I have to stop talking negatively about my uncle, about my neighbor,

在家裡吃晚餐時，

about my colleague, about my mother-in-law,

我不能再講自己伯父、鄰居、

around the dinner table at home,

同事、女婿的壞話，

because, if I don't do that,

因為我若不停止，

I'm actually saying to my children it's OK to talk negatively

我便是在告訴小孩可以

about the third person that's not there.

在某人不在場時講他們的壞話，

New consciousness commits.

這種新意識需要花時間投入，

Thank you for your attention.

謝謝聆聽。