And I'm Rob.

我是 Rob。

Now Rob, we've talked before on this programme about our love of coffee.

Rob，我們之前在節目中討論過我們對咖啡的熱愛。

Oh yes, indeed. I couldn't function without it.

對，真的，沒咖啡我就無法運作。

But have you ever thought about the environmental consequences of all those disposable coffee cups?

但是你想過拋棄式咖啡杯對環境造成的影響嗎？

Oh yes, indeed. I always carry a reusable cup with me so I don't have to throw one away.

我想過。我都會隨身帶一個可重複使用的杯子，這樣我就不會製造垃圾。

So if a "disposable cup" is one you throw away, a "reusable one" is one that you can use again and again.

所以，「拋棄式 (disposable) 杯子」是用了就丟的杯子，「可重複使用的 (reusable) 」則是可以一用再用的。

Yes, there is a big problem with disposable cups in that many of them can't be recycled, so there is a lot of waste for something we only use for a short time.

對的，拋棄式杯子有個大問題，它們大多不可回收，我們短暫的快樂，卻創造了許多垃圾。

What are the big coffee shop chains doing about this problem? We'll find out a little bit more shortly, but first, a quiz for you.

大型咖啡連鎖店有哪些相關措施呢？我們待會就能知曉，現在我先來考考你。

Which country drinks the most coffee per capita - so not the total amount of coffee but the average per person.

哪個國家的人平均喝最多咖啡？不是咖啡的總量，而是平均每人喝的量。

Is it: a) Japan, b) Kenya, or c) Finland.

是哪個呢？ A 日本、B 肯亞、C 芬蘭。

What do you think, Rob?

Rob，你覺得呢？

Ooh, tricky. Now, I don't think the Japanese are big coffee drinkers and I know they produce a lot of coffee in Kenya.

真難啊。我不認為日本人喝很多咖啡，我知道肯亞生產很多咖啡。

I'm surprised the USA isn't on the list but I'm going to go for Finland. Just because.

我很驚訝沒有美國，我決定選芬蘭。純粹猜猜。

Well, we'll see if you're right later in the programme.

很好，晚點節目中會揭曉你是否答對。

On a recent BBC "You and Yours" radio programme they discussed the topic of coffee cups.

BBC 最近在《你和你們》廣播節目討論了咖啡杯這個議題。

Some of the big chains are now charging customers more for a disposable cup and giving discounts if people bring their own reusable.

有些大型連鎖店會向消費者額外收取拋棄式杯子的費用，自備環保杯則享有折扣。

However not all of the shops actually collect old cups and sort them for recycling in the shop itself.

然而，不是每家門市都會收集舊杯子並回收。

Here's Jaz Rabadia from Starbucks.

這位是星巴克的 Jaz Rabadia。

Is the store only interested in facilities inside their shops?

店家是否只關注於店鋪內的紙杯回收設備？

It is something that we are in the process of rolling out and it will be in all of our stores.

那是我們正在努力推行的，未來所有的門市都會有。

It's also not just our stores in which these cups end up.

這些紙杯最後不一定只會丟在店裡。

So we're doing a lot of work outside of our store environment to ensure that paper cups can be recycled on the go.

我們在外頭也做了許多努力，確保外帶的紙杯最後可以回收。

We're working with our environmental charity partner Hubbub to increase recycling infrastructure outside of our stores because that too is where a lot of our cups will end up.

我們也和環保團體 Hubbub 合作，努力增加店鋪外場的回收基礎建設，因為那也是許多杯子最後會到的地方。

So, are they just working in their stores at improving recycling?

所以他們只有改善店鋪裡的回收工作嗎？

Well no, after all most people take their coffee out of the stores, so they are working on the recycling infrastructure outside as well.

不是，畢竟大多數人都是外帶咖啡，所以他們也努力建設店外的回收設施。

This will be things like bins and collection points which are clearly marked for coffee cups.

像是專門收咖啡杯的垃圾桶和收集站。

And what about enabling recycling cups in store?

那店鋪內如何回收杯子？

Well she said that was something they are rolling out to all stores.

她說他們所有門市都正在推行 (roll out)。

"Rolling out" here means introducing over a period of time.

這裡說到的 roll out 意思是在一段期間內推行某事。

So it's starting to happen, but it's not finished yet.

意味著正在執行，但尚未完成。

Let's listen again.

我們再聽一次。

It is something that we are in the process of rolling out and it will be in all of our stores.

那是我們正在努力推行的，未來我們所有門市都會有。

It's also not just our stores in which these cups end up.

這些紙杯最後不一定只會丟在店裡。

So we're doing a lot of work outside of our store environment to ensure that paper cups can be recycled on the go.

我們在外頭也做了許多努力，確保外帶的紙杯最後可以回收。

We're working with our environmental charity partner Hubbub to increase recycling infrastructure outside of our stores because that too is where a lot of our cups will end up.

我們也和環保團體 Hubbub 合作，努力增加店鋪外場的回收基礎建設，因為那也是許多杯子最後會到的地方。

Not everyone, however, believes that the coffee chains are doing everything that they can.

然而，不是所有人都相信咖啡連鎖店正在盡一切的努力。

This is Mary Creagh, a member of the British parliament.

這位是 Mary Creagh，英國國會的一員。

She compares the situation to that of the plastic bag charge.

她以塑膠袋收費作為比較。

This was a law brought in to force shops to charge customers for plastic bags, which previously had been free.

有條法律要求店家向消費者額外收取塑膠袋費用，過去塑膠袋是免費的。

If you think you're having to pay extra for something, as we saw with the plastic bags, we think a similar psychological measure is needed, a nudge measure, to encourage people to remember to bring their reusable cup with them.

如果你需要為某個東西額外付費，比如塑膠袋，我們認為需要採用類似心理措施的「推力」，鼓勵人們自備環保杯。

And of course this is something that the coffee shops have been fighting tooth and nail.

這當然是咖啡店竭盡全力阻止的。

She thinks that we consumers need a "nudge" to help us remember our reusable cups.

她認為消費者需要有個「推力」來幫助我們自備環保杯。

Yes, we need a nudge, which is a little push, a reason.

沒錯，我們需要那股推力，也就是一個動機、一個理由。

In this case, she is thinking of a law to make them charge more.

在紙杯的案例中，她想設計一個針對紙杯收費的法條。

But she says the coffee chains really don't want this, they are, she says, fighting it tooth and nail.

但她說咖啡連鎖店對此並不樂見，甚至「竭盡全力」(fighting it tooth and nail) 阻止。

If you "fight something tooth and nail," you are against it completely and try to stop it.

如果你 fight something tooth and nail，意味著「你完全反對並且極力阻止一件事」。

Let's hear MP Mary Creagh again.

我們再聽一次國會議員 Mary Creagh 怎麽說。

If you think you're having to pay extra for something, as we saw with the plastic bags, we think a similar psychological measure is needed, a nudge measure, to encourage people to remember to bring their reusable cup with them.

如果你需要為某個東西額外付費，比如塑膠袋，我們認為需要採用「推力措施」，鼓勵人們自備環保杯。

And of course this is something that the coffee shops have been fighting tooth and nail.

這當然是咖啡店竭盡全力阻止的。

Time to review our vocabulary, but first, let's have the answer to the quiz question.

該來複習單字了，不過我們先來公佈前面測驗的答案。

Which country drinks the most coffee per capita?

哪個國家的人平均喝最多咖啡

Is it: a) Japan, b) Kenya, or c) Finland.

是哪個呢？ A 日本、B 肯亞、C 芬蘭。

What did you think, Rob?

Rob，你認為呢？

I took a bit of a guess at Finland.

我猜是芬蘭。

Well, congratulations, your guess was correct.

恭喜，你猜對了！

The Finns on average get through an amazing 12kg of coffee a year, each.

芬蘭每人一年平均喝掉 12 公斤的咖啡，真驚人。

Now, onto the vocabulary.

輪到講單字了。

We had a couple of related but opposite words.

我們有幾組高度相關，但意思相反的字。

Something disposable is designed to be used once or a few times and then thrown away and a reusable is designed to be used again and again.

如果說某東西是拋棄式的 (disposable)，意味著用一兩次就丟掉了，而重複使用 (reusable) 則是可以一用再用。

We then had "rolling out," which in a business sense is the process of gradually introducing something new.

下一個是 rolling out，在商業領域這個字的意思是「逐步推陳出新」。

This could be a new system, new product, new technology or even a new way of doing things.

可以是新的系統、新商品、新科技或是做事情的新方式。

New ideas often need new "infrastructure."

新點子往往需要新的建設 (infrastructure)。

This is usually physical structures that are needed to make something work, for example rail infrastructure includes tracks, stations and signals.

意思是運作一件事所需的硬體建設，比如鐵路的基礎建設涵蓋鐵軌、車站和信號。

A "nudge" is a small push, to encourage us to do something.

Nudge 指的是「小小的推力」，促使人們做某事。

You don't need a nudge to carry a reusable coffee cup, do you?

你不需要推力就會使用環保咖啡杯了吧？

Oh, no, I'm all for it.

沒錯，我原本就很支持。

In fact I'd "fight tooth and nail" to keep hold of my reusable, which is quite a coincidence as that was our last expression today.

事實上，我會「竭盡全力」堅持使用我的環保杯，剛好也就是我們今天要介紹的最後一個字。

"To fight tooth and nail" means to make a strong effort to try to stop something or achieve something.

To fight tooth and nail 的意思是「竭盡全力阻止或達成某事」。

Well, that's all from us.

今天就到這兒囉。

We look forward to your company next time.

期待你再次收聽。

Until then, you can find us in all the usual places on social media, online and on our app.

平時你可以在社群媒體，或是我們的 APP 能夠找到本節目。

Just search for "BBC Learning English." Goodbye!

只要搜尋 BBC Learning English。再會啦！

Goodbye!

再見！