Name: 1918年流感大流行會不會再次發生？ (Could the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Happen Again?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T09:23:04.000Z
Duration: 3 min 48 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。學這些英文用法：武漢肺炎,新型冠狀病毒,新冠肺炎,COVID-19

Dr. Morens: "The current estimate is that the 1918 pandemic

進階形容詞比較級句型

killed at east 50 million people, some say as many as 100 million people,

程度副詞

but certainly at least 50 million people.

single event in all recorded human history.

So it was a big deal, and if something like that

ever came back again, today, something just as deadly,

in today's population, which is much bigger,

as many as 400 million people could die."

The exact origins of the 1918 pandemic remain a mystery.

However, thanks to the work of scientists at NIAID and elsewhere,

we now know more about where the "Mother of All Pandemics" came from.

Dr. Morens: "We know that in 1918, that virus was a brand-new virus

that had not been in people before. It was a bird virus; it came out of birds

and somehow, either directly or indirectly

It kept mutating and evolving in people, and for decades,

it kept coming back in a different mutated form every year

until 1957, when it pulled another genetic trick

and was able to capture additional bird virus genes,

bird influenza virus genes, to make it so different that it resulted in another pandemic.

A similar thing happened in 1968, and a similar thing again in 2009.

So what that means is all these viruses that have been circulating

ever since 1918 are, in one way or another,

could also come from an entirely new virus.

Dr. Morens: "The body parts of the viruses are out there in nature, in wild birds,

that can form together to form other viruses that are as deadly,

at least in theory, as deadly as the 1918 virus.

Currently, the best way to protect yourself from influenza

and mutates from year to year, making the vaccine less effective.

What if we had a vaccine that could protect against

all kinds of influenza, both seasonal and pandemic?

In addition to his work on the 1918 virus,

has researched potential universal vaccines.

Dr. Taubenberger: "And so the goal for this would be to develop a so-called

A more modest goal might be a vaccine that would give you protection, say,

for five or ten years against seasonal flu, so that you wouldn't

A broader goal would be a vaccine that could

Right now we can only react when a pandemic occurs,

and make a vaccine after it's already started circulating,

So the goal would be, could you make a vaccine that could help

provide at least some protective immunity against

There are many different kinds of experimental universal flu vaccines,

which are designed to work in different ways.

Though some human trials have already begun,

even the most advanced experimental vaccines

are still years away from being publicly available.

Dr. Taubenberger: "I think that all these experiments will help

all of us, as a community, work to develop

that we will be able to make progress in this regard,

and make better influenza vaccines in the near future."

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1918年流感大流行會不會再次發生？ (Could the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Happen Again?)

potential

pandemic

effort

progress